60 Questions
How do schemas become more abstract and accurate?
By encountering more instances
Which type of categories do schemas tend to access?
Subordinate categories
What are some ways in which schemas can be revised?
Bookkeeping, conversion, and sub-typing
What is illusory correlation?
Perceiving a relation between two things while there is no association
What is the term used to describe the tendency for an evaluation to become less extreme as more cases are encountered?
Regression towards the mean
What are some common heuristics used for social judgments?
Representative heuristics, availability heuristics, and anchoring and adjustment
Which sequence is more likely after tossing a dice with 4 green sides and 2 red sides?
GRGGG
Which term refers to the mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that we use to make judgments and decisions?
Heuristics
What is the tendency for a starting value to unduly influence judgments or decisions called?
Anchoring and adjustment
What are the two types of heuristics mentioned in the text?
Representative and availability
In which position is the letter 'R' more likely to appear?
The first position
What is the formula used in cognitive algebra to calculate the information score?
Weighted Average Sum
Which bias refers to the tendency to rely on the first and last pieces of information when forming impressions?
Primacy/recency effects
What is the term used to describe our own thinking on how different characteristics come together to form certain types of personality?
Implicit personality theories
In the study by Ambady and Rosenthal (1993), how many clips were rated by 9 undergraduates on nonverbal behaviors?
39
Which of the following are more frequent causes of death?
Car accidents
What is the difference between prototype and exemplar?
Prototype is an abstract schema while exemplar is a specific member of a category
What is the term used to describe the average of a set of numbers without any weights assigned to each number?
Simple Average
Which term refers to the tendency to overestimate the relationship between two variables when they are actually unrelated?
Illusory correlation
What is the purpose of self-schema?
To organize and guide the processing of self-related information
What are schemas?
Mental structures that organize knowledge about the social world
What is the term used to describe the mental representation of a category that is considered the best example of that category?
Prototype
Which bias refers to the tendency to rely on the most recent information when forming impressions?
Primacy/recency effects
What is the role of schemas in social cognition?
Schemas powerfully affect what information we notice, think about, and remember
What are some examples of heuristics mentioned in the text?
Prototype, exemplar, representative, and availability heuristics
What is the purpose of categorization?
To group instances based on family resemblance
What are some examples of schemas mentioned in the text?
Self, person, and role schemas
How do self-schemas influence the way we process information?
Self-schemas organize and guide the processing of self-related information
What are some biases mentioned in the text that affect social inference?
Primacy/recency, positive/negative biases
What is the purpose of impression formation?
To form initial impressions of others
According to Heider's theory of naive psychology, how do we construct causal explanations of human social behavior?
By looking for enduring properties in the explanations
What is the term used to describe the tendency to attribute behavior to personal factors rather than situational factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Which bias refers to the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external factors and others' behavior to internal factors?
Actor-observer bias
According to Kelley's covariation model, what do we use to make attributions about behavior?
Situational factors
What is the term used to describe the tendency to overestimate the similarity of others' attitudes and beliefs to our own?
False consensus effect
What is the term used to describe the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal factors and negative outcomes to external factors?
Self-serving bias
What is the term used to describe the tendency to believe that bad things happen due to external factors and good things happen due to internal factors?
Hopelessness
According to Jones and Davis's theory of correspondent inference, which source of information suggests that the actor has an intention to harm or benefit the perceiver?
Hedonic relevance
What is the principle that states when behavior occurs despite situational constraints, we augment attributions to personal causes?
Augmentation
According to Harold Kelley's covariation model, what does the term 'object/entity' refer to?
The person or the object/entity the actor is reacting to
According to Kelley's covariation model, what is sufficient to explain a behavior?
Disposition of the person
According to the covariation principle, what does 'consensus' refer to?
Others also do the same thing
What is the principle that states when behavior occurs in situations which facilitate engagement in such behavior, we discount person attributions to that behavior?
Discounting
What is the purpose of attribution biases?
To analyze the effects of attributions on individuals
Which theory of naive psychology is associated with Heider?
Heider's theory of naive psychology
What is the underlying factor that Weiner's attribution theory considers when determining controllability?
External
What is the term used to describe the tendency to overestimate the relationship between two variables when they are actually unrelated?
False consensus effect
According to Weiner's attribution theory, what is the term used to describe whether the underlying factor was due to the person (internal) or not (external)?
Locus of control
What is the term used to describe the mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that we use to make judgments and decisions?
Heuristics
According to Weiner's attribution theory, what is the term used to describe whether the underlying factor was permanent (stable) or not (unstable)?
Stability
According to Weiner's attribution theory, what is the term used to describe whether the underlying factor was controllable or uncontrollable?
Controllability
Which bias refers to the tendency to overestimate the proportion of people in the population who would think or act the same way they themselves do?
False consensus effect
What is the term used to describe the belief that one's own group is better than other groups and using our own group as a standard?
Ethnocentrism
Which bias refers to the general tendency to make personality inferences, overestimating disposition factors as causes of behavior and underestimating situational determinants?
Fundamental attribution bias
Which bias refers to the actor (agent of the behavior) being prone to making situation attributions while the observer is prone to making person/disposition attributions?
Actor-observer bias
Which attribution theory suggests that people make inferences about the causes of behavior based on three types of information: consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency?
Kelley’s covariation model
Which attribution theory suggests that people make inferences about the causes of behavior based on the intentionality and consequences of the behavior?
Jones and Davis’s theory of correspondent inference
Which attribution theory suggests that people make inferences about the causes of behavior based on their naive understanding of how people behave?
Heider’s theory of naive psychology
Which attribution theory suggests that people make inferences about the causes of behavior based on the stability, locus of control, and controllability of the cause?
Weiner’s attribution theory
Which bias refers to the tendency for individuals to remember situational causes less easily than dispositional causes?
Differential forgetting
Test your knowledge of social cognition and social thinking with this quiz! Explore concepts such as impression formation, biases, cognitive algebra, schema, and heuristics. Challenge yourself to understand and apply these important psychological concepts in various scenarios.
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