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Questions and Answers

What is the Unrealistic Optimism belief characterized by?

  • Good things more likely to happen to others
  • Bad things less likely to happen to oneself
  • Good things more likely to happen to oneself (correct)
  • Bad things less likely to happen to others

    • What is the Actor/Observer Effect based on?

  • Tendency to attribute own behavior to internal causes and others' behavior to situational causes
  • Tendency to attribute own behavior to dispositional causes and others' behavior to situational causes
  • Tendency to attribute own behavior to situational causes and others' behavior to dispositional causes
  • Tendency to attribute own behavior to situational causes and others' behavior to internal causes (correct)

    • What is the Dual Process Model of FAE based on?

  • First making external attributions, then considering alternative explanations
  • First making internal attributions, then considering alternative explanations (correct)
  • First considering alternative explanations, then making internal attributions
  • First considering alternative explanations, then making external attributions

    • What does the False Consensus phenomenon refer to?

    <p>Tendency to overestimate the commonality of our own opinions, beliefs, and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which people seek to identify the causes of others' behavior and gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions?

    <p>Causal attribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mental shortcuts that guide problem-solving and decision-making but do not guarantee accuracy and can lead to errors in judgment?

    <p>Heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory involves three types of information for deducing personality?

    <p>Kelly's theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are used to organize knowledge around themes and topics and to filter out unnecessary information?

    <p>Schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social cognition involves conscious, intentional, voluntary, and effortful mental processes?

    <p>Controlled social cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central social motive related to feeling self-worth, having social status in the community, and having positive reputations?

    <p>Self-enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social cognition involves the way people think about themselves and the social world?

    <p>Social Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of thinking involves a lot of research about automatic thinking, which takes less time and effort?

    <p>Automatic Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the social motive related to our desire for stable, meaningful connections with others?

    <p>Belonging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the desire for the autonomy and competence to direct our own actions and make things happen represent?

    <p>Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which people seek to identify the causes of others' behavior and gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions?

    <p>Understanding Others and Predicting Accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Unrealistic Optimism belief characterized by?

    <p>Belief in favorable outcomes for oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Actor/Observer Effect based on?

    <p>Attributing others' behavior to internal factors and our own behavior to situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the False Consensus phenomenon refer to?

    <p>Overestimating the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Correspondence Bias also known as?

    <p>Fundamental Attribution Error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do schemas help in doing?

    <p>Organizing knowledge and filtering unnecessary information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a heuristic?

    <p>Representativeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is controlled social cognition characterized by?

    <p>Conscious, intentional, voluntary, and effortful mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which people seek to identify the causes of others' behavior and gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions?

    <p>Causal attribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the theoretical perspectives on attribution mentioned in the text?

    <p>Heider's naïve scientist theory, Jones &amp; Harris's correspondence inference theory, and Kelly's three types of information for deducing personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do heuristics do not guarantee?

    <p>Accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of a heuristic mentioned in the text?

    <p>Availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What guides attention, affects cognitive effects, and determines which schemas are applied?

    <p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of Alex being a programmer based on the given information?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do schemas contain impressions of, according to the text?

    <p>Others, ourselves, social roles, and events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to explain others’ actions as stemming from dispositions even in the presence of clear situational causes?

    <p>Fundamental Attribution Error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Actor/Observer Effect suggest about attributions?

    <p>Tendency to attribute own behavior mainly to situational causes, but the behavior of others mainly to internal causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the belief that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people?

    <p>Belief in Just World</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the commonality of our own opinions, beliefs, and behaviors?

    <p>False Consensus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribution error involves explaining others’ actions as stemming from dispositions even in the presence of clear situational causes?

    <p>Fundamental Attribution Error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the explanations for behavior that avoid feelings of vulnerability or mortality?

    <p>Defensive Attributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Unrealistic Optimism belief involve?

    <p>Good things are more likely to happen to oneself than to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to attribute own behavior mainly to situational causes, but the behavior of others mainly to internal (dispositional) causes?

    <p>Actor/Observer Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the explanations for one’s success being attributed to internal, dispositional factors, and failure to external, situational factors?

    <p>Self-Serving Attributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to explain others’ actions as stemming from dispositions, even in the presence of clear situational causes, and to overestimate the impact of dispositional factors?

    <p>Fundamental Attribution Error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Cognition and Attribution

    • In a company "X", there are 20 office staff and 80 programmers, with Alex being an employee at the company for 5 years.
    • Alex is described as a tall, attractive woman who enjoys puzzles, painting, and rock climbing, and is proficient in typing and communication.
    • The likelihood of Alex being a programmer is 100%, as there are 80 programmers in the company and she works for the same company.
    • People use schemas to organize knowledge around themes and topics and to filter out unnecessary information.
    • Schemas contain basic knowledge and impressions of others, ourselves, social roles, and events.
    • Schemas help in freeing up valuable cognitive resources and reducing ambiguity.
    • Schemas are influenced by culture and guide attention, affecting cognitive effects and determining which schemas are applied.
    • Heuristics are mental shortcuts that guide problem-solving and decision-making, but they do not guarantee accuracy and can lead to errors in judgment.
    • Common examples of heuristics include representativeness, availability, anchoring and adjustment, and affect.
    • Controlled social cognition involves conscious, intentional, voluntary, and effortful mental processes.
    • Causal attribution is the process through which people seek to identify the causes of others' behavior and gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions.
    • Theoretical perspectives on attribution include Heider's naïve scientist theory, Jones & Harris's correspondence inference theory, and Kelly's three types of information for deducing personality.

    Social Cognition and Attribution

    • In a company "X", there are 20 office staff and 80 programmers, with Alex being an employee at the company for 5 years.
    • Alex is described as a tall, attractive woman who enjoys puzzles, painting, and rock climbing, and is proficient in typing and communication.
    • The likelihood of Alex being a programmer is 100%, as there are 80 programmers in the company and she works for the same company.
    • People use schemas to organize knowledge around themes and topics and to filter out unnecessary information.
    • Schemas contain basic knowledge and impressions of others, ourselves, social roles, and events.
    • Schemas help in freeing up valuable cognitive resources and reducing ambiguity.
    • Schemas are influenced by culture and guide attention, affecting cognitive effects and determining which schemas are applied.
    • Heuristics are mental shortcuts that guide problem-solving and decision-making, but they do not guarantee accuracy and can lead to errors in judgment.
    • Common examples of heuristics include representativeness, availability, anchoring and adjustment, and affect.
    • Controlled social cognition involves conscious, intentional, voluntary, and effortful mental processes.
    • Causal attribution is the process through which people seek to identify the causes of others' behavior and gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions.
    • Theoretical perspectives on attribution include Heider's naïve scientist theory, Jones & Harris's correspondence inference theory, and Kelly's three types of information for deducing personality.

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    Week 2 - Social Cognition PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of social cognition and attribution with this quiz. Explore concepts such as schemas, heuristics, controlled social cognition, and causal attribution, along with theoretical perspectives on attribution. See how well you understand the processes and factors that shape our understanding of others' behavior and traits.

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