Week 11 try 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the lecture on starvation?

Psychological effects
Physiological effects
Demographics
Famine (correct)

What percentage of the world population is estimated to be malnourished?

20-30%
0.5-20% (correct)
40-50%
30-40%

What is the norm in terms of malnourishment?

Acute malnourishment
Intermittent malnourishment
Chronic malnourishment (correct)
No malnourishment

What is the potential consequence of chronic malnourishment in children?

Stunting (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where have the highest incidence of malnourishment been observed?

Asia and Africa (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical perspective on famines in Europe?

Famines largely ceased by the mid-1800s (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a rough measure of how efficient your body is at getting oxygen to your muscles?

VO2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of adults who do not meet CDC guidelines for exercise?

70-75% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of behaviour therapy in the context of obesity intervention?

Identifying the behavioural factors promoting problem behaviours and preventing uptake of healthy behaviours (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug was withdrawn in 1997 due to dependence/tolerance issues?

Amphetamines (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of medication for obesity treatment over other regimes?

It is far less reliant upon self-control (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the criterion for medication to be classed as effective in reducing weight?

Reduce weight by more than 5% (FDA) or 10% (EMA) relative to placebo (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the treatment options for obesity discussed in the lecture?

Exercise, behavior therapy, drugs, surgery (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of moderately intense physical exercise per day, according to CDC and the US Surgeon General?

30 minutes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the strict definition of moderate intensity exercise in terms of heart rate?

$(220 - \text{Age}) \times 0.55$ to $(220 - \text{Age}) \times 0.69$ of maximal heart rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential benefits of regular physical exercise in treating obesity?

Increased weight loss, improved glucose tolerance, improved mood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of regular exercise in long-term weight loss?

It is the best predictor of long-term weight loss (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the age-based calculation for maximal heart rate mentioned in the lecture?

$(220 - \text{Age})$ (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical weight loss percentage at 1 year for patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass?

50-60% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which weight loss drug blocks pancreatic lipase, leading to around 3-5% weight loss at 1 year?

Orlistat (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of men and women consistently express a desire to lose weight due to body dissatisfaction?

60-70% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three forms of body dissatisfaction in normal weight people?

Distorted body image, discrepancy from an ideal, generally negative appraisal of one's body (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common areas of dissatisfaction expressed by many women in terms of their body?

Weight, stomach, legs, breasts (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which groups is body dissatisfaction more common according to the text?

Westernized nations, higher SES groups, migrants (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of exposure to media images on body dissatisfaction?

It increases body dissatisfaction in men and women, including those with different weight statuses. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential influence of mothers on their daughters' body dissatisfaction?

Daughters tend to reflect their mother's level of body dissatisfaction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What historical examples demonstrate the influence of sexual ideals on the human body form?

Foot binding in China, corsets in Victorian times, and the impact of the women's liberation movement in the 60s. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the psychology of dieting influence restrained eating?

The psychology of dieting is influenced by body dissatisfaction, leading to restrained eating. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of restrained eating as a dieting approach?

It explains why dieting can sometimes lead to weight gain rather than loss. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to dieters after exposure to high-calorie preloads?

Dieters tend to show increased consumption after exposure to high-calorie preloads. (A) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Media and Body Image Influence

The media portrays thin women and muscular men as the norm, despite not being representative of the general population.
Exposure to such images in the media increases body dissatisfaction in men and women, including those with different weight statuses like anorexic, bulimic, and pregnant women.
Paradoxically, despite seeing a mix of real people in daily life, exposure to media images doesn't balance out the dissatisfaction.
Daughters tend to reflect their mother's level of body dissatisfaction, possibly due to sharing similar physiques and social pressures.
The media's portrayal of body forms on TV does not align with reality, leading to increased dissatisfaction.
The media's response to public desires does not justify its role in increasing body dissatisfaction.
The current preoccupation with thinness and dieting may be shaping the female and male body towards a sexual ideal.
Throughout history, sexual ideals have shaped the human body form, often exaggerating existing gender differences.
Historical examples include foot binding in China, corsets in Victorian times, and the impact of the women's liberation movement in the 60s.
The psychology of dieting is influenced by body dissatisfaction, leading to restrained eating as a conscious attempt to control body size and food intake.
The restrained eating approach explains why dieting can sometimes lead to weight gain rather than loss.
Dieters tend to show increased consumption after exposure to high-calorie preloads, engaging cognitions against self-imposed food restriction.

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