Social and Moral Development Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which stage of Kohlberg's moral development focuses on maintaining approval and good relationships with loved ones?

Stage 2 - instrumental purpose

Stage 1 - punishment and obedience

Stage 3 - good boy-good girl morality (correct)

Stage 4 - social order maintaining

What is a key characteristic of the post-conventional level in Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Morality based on individual desires

Blind acceptance of authority

Morality defined strictly by societal rules

Morality based on social contracts (correct)

How does child-rearing practice influence moral reasoning according to the content?

Supporting and discussing moral issues (correct)

Strict discipline and punishment

Focusing solely on academic achievement

Ignoring moral concerns

In which stage would an individual follow universal ethical principles?

Stage 6 - universal ethical principle Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT related to the improvement of moral development during late adolescence?

Lack of schooling Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically start to recognize themselves in a mirror?

15 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the self-concept of preschoolers?

Concrete with basic descriptions Signup and view all the answers

Self-esteem typically reaches its highest point during which developmental stage?

Early childhood Signup and view all the answers

What additional dimensions of self-esteem are introduced during adolescence?

Job competence and romantic relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of selfesteem tends to be added during middle childhood?

Social comparison Signup and view all the answers

How does self-concept change from early childhood to middle childhood?

It incorporates more abstract reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence self-esteem?

Height Signup and view all the answers

In what way does self-awareness precede the development of self-concept?

It leads to understanding agency and control. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of identity achievement?

High levels of exploration leading to strong commitment to one's identity Signup and view all the answers

Which identity status is characterized by high exploration but little commitment?

Moratorium Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential long-term effects associated with identity foreclosure and diffusion?

Inflexibility and higher risk of depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influences is NOT directly associated with identity development?

Innate intelligence level Signup and view all the answers

What does identity diffusion imply about an individual's engagement with their identity?

No reflection and no active seeking of identity attributes Signup and view all the answers

At what age can children typically label themselves and others as male or female?

By age 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining aspect of adolescence in Erikson's view?

Resolving the identity crisis Signup and view all the answers

Which identity status reflects a strong sense of identity attributed to family values without personal questioning?

Identity foreclosure Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically begin to demonstrate gender constancy according to Kohlberg's theory?

6-7 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the first component of morality as defined in the content?

Emotional Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, what defines heteronomous morality?

Rules given by authority figures are immutable Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist emphasized modelling and reinforcement in moral development?

Bandura Signup and view all the answers

What age range does the psychoanalytic perspective suggest morality begins to develop?

3-6 years Signup and view all the answers

In which moral reasoning stage do children solely focus on conformity to authority?

Heteronomous morality Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of the social learning theory of moral development?

It cannot explain all moral behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What was the methodological approach used by Kohlberg to study moral development?

Moral dilemmas Signup and view all the answers

What reaction did Alice have upon discovering her father was once a child?

She believed he used to be a girl. Signup and view all the answers

What best defines autonomous morality according to Piaget?

Moral decisions are based on intentions rather than outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Self-development: Includes self-concept, self-esteem, identity, gender development, and moral development
Self-awareness: Self is separate from the outside world, has control of thoughts and actions
Self as agent: Initial aspect of self-concept development
Self as object: Self is unique with specific qualities
Self-recognition in mirror begins at 15 months
Self-referencing ("I" or "me") emerges around 2 years

Self-Concept

Early childhood: Initially concrete, using basic descriptions of emotions and attitudes
Middle childhood: Refined, using personality traits to describe oneself
Self-esteem: Judgements about self-worth and associated feelings
Pre-school: Focus on social acceptance and competence
~7 years: Academic, social, and physical qualities, but not necessarily equally weighted
Adolescence: Includes extra dimensions (e.g., job competence, romantic relationships)

Hierarchy of Self-Esteem

General Self-Esteem: encompasses academic competence, language arts, math, other school subjects, social competence relationships with parents/peers, physical/athletic competence, outdoor games and various sports, physical appearance

Identity Development

Erikson: Identity development is critical during adolescence, focused on resolving identity crises.
Identity statuses: Identity achievement (high exploration, high commitment); Identity foreclosure (high commitment, low exploration); Moratorium (low commitment, high exploration); Identity diffusion (low commitment, low exploration).

Influences on Self-Esteem & Identity

Age: High in early childhood, drops during early school years, more realistic in middle childhood
Culture: Gender differences, e.g., Japan vs. America
Personality: Flexibility linked to improved moral reasoning
Family / Peers / School / Society: Influence moral reasoning; Family as attached, but allows freedom of expression
Historical Time Period
Gender Identity: Development in early childhood, middle childhood, leading to nuanced understanding of gender

Moral Development

Three components: Emotional (how one feels about ethical issues, like empathy/guilt); Cognitive (knowledge of ethical rules and 'goodness'/'badness' of acts); Behavioural (how one acts in ethical situations)
Theories of moral Development: Social learning (Bandura), Cognitive-developmental (Piaget), Psychoanalytic

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Pre-conventional: Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience, Stage 2: Instrumental Purpose
Conventional: Stage 3: Good Boy/Good Girl Morality, Stage 4: Social Order Maintaining
Post-conventional/Principled: Stage 5: Social Contract, Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

Glossary

Self-Concept: Ones description and evaluation of oneself (physical attributes, skills, etc.)
Self-Esteem: The degree one perceives their qualities and traits to be positive (accomplishment, self-image, perceived success at living up to ideals, how others view them)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on social and moral development, focusing on self-concept, self-esteem, and identity formation through different life stages. This quiz explores the development of self-awareness and the impact of adolescence on self-perception. Challenge your understanding of how these concepts evolve from early childhood through adolescence.