Social and Economic Determinants of Health
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Questions and Answers

Which statement best reflects the impact of income on health outcomes?

  • Income distribution does not affect community health.
  • Lower income contributes to higher rates of chronic diseases. (correct)
  • Higher income is linked to a decrease in lifespan.
  • Income has no effect on mental health issues.

What is a consequence of income inequality in a society?

  • Improved literacy rates among lower-income individuals.
  • Enhanced child well-being across all income levels.
  • Higher life expectancy for the poorest segments of the population.
  • Weaker economy and poorer health for the entire population. (correct)

How does higher education correlate with health?

  • Higher education has no impact on health outcomes.
  • Higher education reduces access to employment opportunities.
  • Higher education decreases an individual's ability to manage health.
  • Higher education increases literacy and health-improving actions. (correct)

What primary effect does unemployment have on health?

<p>It may cause psychological stress and health-threatening behaviors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of employment negatively affects health outcomes?

<p>Adverse working conditions contribute to poor health outcomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a negative effect of job insecurity?

<p>Increased psychological stress and coping behavior risks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of more equal societies on public health?

<p>Lower rates of infant mortality and obesity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered the most important determinant of health?

<p>Income and income distribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of brain development occurs before age 5?

<p>90% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a cumulative effect impacting children's health?

<p>Material and social deprivation over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two enabling conditions necessary for children's development health?

<p>Universally accessible community services and family time/resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of food insecurity on children's development?

<p>Creates conditions harder to address than initial food security (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can hunger and obesity coexist in families?

<p>By maximizing caloric intake with inexpensive non-nutritious food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with poor quality housing?

<p>Increased risk of health problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one negative outcome of homelessness in Canada?

<p>Decreased life expectancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization type can create both positive and negative impacts on poverty?

<p>Food banks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is more likely to face challenges such as unemployment, lower wages, and limited access to education?

<p>Indigenous Canadians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'social safety net' refer to?

<p>A set of services that help individuals during economic hardship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing health through environmental conditions?

<p>Access to technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does colonialism have on Indigenous ancestry according to the content?

<p>It contributes to health issues and cultural identity loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Women are more likely to experience which of the following adverse social determinants of health (SDOH) compared to men?

<p>Employment in lower-paying occupations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a proximal social determinant of health (SDOH)?

<p>Socioeconomic status (SES) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the health outcomes among men compared to women?

<p>Men experience a higher rate of suicide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does disability status affect employment and socioeconomic conditions?

<p>People with disabilities earn less and are more likely to live in poverty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of social exclusion and racialization of poverty for immigrants in Canada?

<p>Deterioration of health following initial advantages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of racism involves lack of respect and name-calling?

<p>Personally-mediated racism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of upstream thinking focused on?

<p>Promoting health by addressing root causes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a proposed benefit of implementing a basic minimum income?

<p>Reduction in high school dropout rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of globalization could negatively affect health?

<p>Deregulation of global finance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective way to enable financial stability?

<p>Addressing imbalances promptly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a proposed solution to the issue of plastic pollution in oceans?

<p>Advocate for biodegradable alternatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Canadians die by suicide each year?

<p>4500 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare providers focus on according to the proposed solutions?

<p>Asking about social history sensitively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between systemic racism and healthcare accessibility?

<p>It creates barriers to care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does financial literacy primarily help individuals achieve?

<p>Smart money management decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of sustainable development?

<p>Compromising future generations' needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the negative health effects associated with microplastics?

<p>Bioaccumulation of toxic substances in marine food chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of racism involves individuals internalizing negative societal messages?

<p>Internalized racism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Income inequality

The extent to which income is unevenly distributed within a country.

Social Determinants of Health

A set of factors that influence the health of individuals and communities, both positively and negatively.

Employment

Being employed provides income, a sense of identity, and structure to daily life.

Unemployment

A lack of employment can lead to material hardship, psychological stress, and unhealthy coping mechanisms.

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Job insecurity

A situation where a person's job is not secure, often involving temporary or part-time work.

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Adverse working conditions

Working conditions that are detrimental to health, such as exposure to hazards, long working hours, and limited control over work.

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Education and health

Higher levels of education are associated with better health outcomes.

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Income and health

Higher income is strongly correlated with better health outcomes, including longer lifespans and lower rates of chronic disease.

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Latency Effect

The idea that early childhood experiences can have a lasting impact on a child's health, even if their later life circumstances improve.

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Cumulative Effect

The longer children experience poverty, the more likely they are to face negative health and developmental outcomes.

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Paradox of Hunger and Obesity

The simultaneous presence of hunger and obesity within a family or individual. This can be caused by a combination of factors, including limited access to nutritious food, reliance on cheaper, less nutritious foods, and stress-related overeating.

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Community Food Security

A state where a community has access to affordable, nutritious food through a sustainable food system.

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Poor Quality Housing

Housing that is substandard or inadequate, putting residents at risk for various health problems.

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Social Exclusion

A lack of access to essential services and opportunities, which can lead to social isolation and disadvantage.

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Enabling Conditions for Healthy Development

Universal access to high-quality education, childcare, and health services, and family support through time, resources, and skills.

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What is a social safety net?

A wide range of programs and supports that protect citizens during life changes, such as those related to raising a family, accidents, or divorce.

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What is job insecurity?

A situation where a person's job is not secure, often involving temporary or part-time work, leading to potential financial instability and psychological stress.

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How does disability affect income and employment?

People with disabilities often face lower employment rates, lower wages, and higher poverty rates compared to the general population.

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What was the impact of the residential school system on Indigenous people?

The forced removal of Indigenous children from their families and communities, leading to physical, emotional, and verbal abuse, resulting in long-lasting health consequences for both individuals and generations.

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How do social determinants of health affect women differently than men?

Women often face greater challenges with social determinants of health due to greater caregiving responsibilities, lower-paying jobs, and workplace discrimination.

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How does geography influence people's health?

Conditions that impact health, such as air, food, water, and proximity to environmental hazards, can vary significantly depending on geography.

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How do income and education affect health?

The health problems and shorter lifespans experienced by people with lower income and education levels are often linked to their greater exposure to poverty, poor living conditions, and limited access to quality healthcare.

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How do colonialism, racism, and self-determination affect Indigenous people's health?

Colonialism, racism, and self-determination influence the health of Indigenous people, with these factors impacting their access to healthcare, quality of education, and social support.

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Immigration

A social process involving the movement of people from one country to another, contributing to economic growth and cultural diversity.

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Institutionalized Racism

The systematic and widespread inequalities faced by certain racial or ethnic groups due to prejudice and discrimination.

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Internalized Racism

An individual's internalization of negative stereotypes and beliefs about their own racial or ethnic group.

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Globalization

A state of increasing interconnectedness between people, businesses, and nations through globalized economics, communication, and cultural exchange.

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Chronic Stress

A state of prolonged and excessive stress that can lead to physical health problems like heart disease, immune system disorders, and type 2 diabetes.

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Upstream Thinking

A focus on addressing the root causes of health problems and inequalities, rather than just managing symptoms.

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Health Equality

A process of reducing health disparities and ensuring everyone has equal opportunities to be healthy.

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Basic Minimum Income

The financial support provided by governments to citizens, in place of multiple targeted social benefits.

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Financial Literacy

The knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to manage personal finances effectively.

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Financial Stability

A state of financial stability where one can manage financial imbalances before they become problematic.

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Financial Security

A state of not being worried about achieving financial goals due to confidence in one's finances.

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Patient-Centered Care

A proactive approach to healthcare that involves inquiring about a patient's social history and providing support beyond medical treatment.

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Sustainable Development

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Microplastics

Tiny plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size that pose a significant threat to marine life and human health.

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Biodegradable Plastics

Biodegradable plastics made from renewable materials, offering a potential solution to plastic pollution.

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Study Notes

Social and Economic Determinants of Health

  • Social Determinants of Health are factors influencing individual and community health (positive or negative)
  • Increased income correlates with better health
  • Decreased income correlates with poorer health

Income and Income Distribution

  • Income and income distribution are the most important determinants of health
  • Increased income leads to longer lifespans and decreased rates of suicide
  • Decreased income leads to increased rates of CVD, diabetes, respiratory disease, and infant mortality
  • Income inequality is the uneven distribution of income in a country
  • Income inequality negatively affects the health of everyone, decreasing life expectancy, wellbeing, literacy, trust, and increasing infant mortality, obesity, and teenage pregnancies.

Education

  • Higher education is associated with improved health literacy and better health outcomes.

Unemployment and Job Security

  • Employment provides income, a sense of identity, and structure to daily life
  • Unemployment leads to material and social deprivation, stress, and the adoption of risk behaviours
  • Job insecurity (part-time, temporary employment) and non-standard work hours negatively impact health and well-being.

Employment and Working Conditions

  • Adverse working conditions can negatively impact health outcomes.

Early Childhood Development

  • Early childhood experiences significantly shape future health outcomes
  • 90% of brain development occurs before age 5 & early experiences significantly impact future health
  • Early childhood experience influences health and development

Food Insecurity

  • Food insecurity is a significant determinant of health (12.4% in Canada)
  • Results from financial constraints
  • Creates challenges in accessing sufficient, nutritious food leading to hunger and obesity in families and individuals

Food Security

  • Community food security systems need to support safe nutritious food choices

Housing

  • Poor quality housing negatively impacts health
  • Housing is a factor in health

Social Exclusion

  • Social exclusion can lead to unemployment, lower wages, and limited access to healthcare and social services

Social Safety Net

  • Social safety nets are programs that help citizens during life events to protect their health.

Health Services

  • Access to healthcare services is a significant health determinant
  • Poor or less educated individuals experience more health issues and die earlier compared to educated individuals.

Geography

  • Geography influences health through environmental factors
  • Death rates are higher in rural/remote areas with environmental issues, toxic waste, etc.

Disability

  • People with disabilities face higher risks for employment and overall health and tend to live in poverty
  • Relying on social assitance does not overcome the poverty cycle

Indigenous Ancestry

  • Colonialism, racism, and the inadequacy of the support systems impacting indigenous health
  • Lack of access to education, healthcare, and cultural continuity can create issues that impact their health.

Gender

  • Women face higher adverse health impacts than men due to social roles, and responsibilities
  • Men, at a statistically higher rate, struggle with suicide

Immigration

  • Immigrants may often experience disparities in health compared to native-born populations
  • Health status may vary, with some reporting better health at first then declining.

Race

  • Institutionalized and personally mediated racism lead to health disparities
  • Systemic issues related to societal marginalization can negatively affect health outcomes.

Globalization

  • Globalization influences and is influenced by national, economic, and societal well being.
  • Concerns around environmental and social injustice associated with globalization affect health

Children's Wellbeing

  • Children's health significantly influenced by their environment and social situations.
  • History of significant adversity experienced leads to present health issues.

Focus on sources of problems

  • Addressing the root causes of problems is more effective than just dealing with symptoms

Investing in social services

  • Increased investment in social programs can significantly impact life expectancy and avoid certain types of premature mortality.
  • It is proposed that increased funding in social programs offers more life expectancy outcomes for the population

Basic Minimum Income

  • Implementing a basic citizen minimum income could improve health outcomes in the population.

Financial Literacy

  • Developing financial literacy skills promotes better financial outcomes that contribute positively to health

Ecological determinants of health

  • Sustainable development, considering the needs of present and future generations.
  • Ecosystem well-being is important, particularly in maintaining functional integrity for health benefits.
  • Preventing Microplastics and Nanoplastics are key issue related to environment health.

Sustainable Production and Consumption

  • Every stage of a product's life cycle has an environmental impact.
  • Understanding life cycles, and proposing solutions can promote sustainability

Measures of Progress

  • GDP is an insufficient measure to assess well-being
  • The Canadian Index of Wellbeing offers a broader and more insightful perspective.

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Description

Explore the critical social and economic factors that influence health outcomes in individuals and communities. This quiz covers the impact of income, education, unemployment, and income distribution on overall health. Understand how these determinants shape well-being and health disparities.

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