30 Questions
Where does lipid digestion predominantly occur?
Small intestine
What process enhances the rate of lipid digestion by dividing large droplets into small fat droplets?
Emulsification
What enables access to water-soluble lipase by attaching pancreatic lipase to fat droplets?
Colipase
What is the role of emulsifying agents in lipid digestion?
Enhancing lipid emulsification
What characteristic allows emulsifying agents to associate with both fat and water?
"Amphipathic"
Which enzyme cleaves off two fatty acid chains during lipid digestion?
"Pancreatic lipase"
How is lactose broken down in the small intestine?
Into glucose and galactose
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down sucrose in the small intestine?
Sucrase
How are monosaccharides absorbed in the small intestine?
Through both active transport and facilitated diffusion
Which transporter is responsible for taking up fructose in the small intestine?
GLUT5
What is the role of endopeptidases in protein digestion?
Break peptide bonds within the amino acid chain
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving peptide bonds to release single amino acids?
Exopeptidase
From which sources can heme iron be obtained for absorption in the body?
Meat, poultry, and fish
Where does the absorption of Ca2+ mainly occur in the small intestine?
Duodenum
How are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed in the small intestines?
By endocytosis
What is the role of intrinsic factor in the absorption of vitamin B12?
Facilitates absorption in the ileum
Which form of iron is mainly obtained from cereals, legumes, fruits, and vegetables for absorption?
Nonheme (ionic) iron
How are water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and B complex mainly absorbed in the body?
By diffusion or mediated transport
What is the major function of bile in the digestive system?
Neutralize acidic chyme from the stomach
Which component of bile serves as a route of excretion for bilirubin?
Bile salts
How do bile salts contribute to digestion and absorption in the body?
Emulsify fat and help in fat absorption
What is the main role of the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract?
Move food and mechanically mix it for digestion
Which layer of smooth muscle is predominantly seen in the gastrointestinal tract?
Double layer of circular muscles
What is the primary function of bile pigments in the digestive system?
Route of excretion for bilirubin
Which muscle is responsible for creating a more acute angle between the rectum and the anal canal?
Puborectalis muscle
Which type of muscle is the internal anal sphincter?
Smooth muscle
What happens to the puborectalis muscle during defecation?
It relaxes
Which nerve innervates the external anal sphincter?
Pudendal nerves
What triggers a reflexive contraction in the sigmoid colon and rectum?
Increased pressure in the rectum
What does the defecation reflex trigger?
Urge to defecate
Test your knowledge on the small intestinal brush-border enzymes responsible for further digesting oligosaccharides, including lactase, sucrase, maltase, and α-dextrinase/sucrase-isomaltase. Learn about the breakdown of different sugars and their absorption in the duodenum and jejunum.
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