Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the AASM scoring manual?
What is the certification provided by the BRPT?
What is the typical measurement unit for paper speed in polysomnography?
What is the purpose of the MSLT sleep study?
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What is the purpose of the CPAP Titration sleep study?
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What is the primary function of the AAST?
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What is the name of the test performed at home to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea?
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What is the purpose of the 10/20 system in sleep studies?
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What is the primary purpose of Bio Cals in sleep studies?
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What is the typical frequency range of alpha waves in sleep?
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What is the purpose of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale?
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What is the typical duration of an epoch in PSG scoring?
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What is REM latency?
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What is the purpose of proper documentation in sleep studies?
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What is the primary purpose of the Berlin Questionnaire?
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Study Notes
AASM Scoring Manual
- Provides standardized criteria for scoring sleep stages and events in polysomnography (PSG) to ensure consistency and accuracy in sleep study interpretations.
Professional Sleep Organizations
- BRPT (Board of Registered Polysomnographic Technologists): Provides RPSGT (Registered Polysomnographic Technologist) examination, a certification for sleep technologists.
- AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine): Sets standards for sleep medicine, accredits sleep centers, and provides guidelines for sleep study scoring.
- AAST (American Association of Sleep Technologists): Focuses on education and professional development of sleep technologists.
Paper Speed
- Refers to the speed at which paper (or digital equivalent) moves through polysomnograph machine, typically measured in mm/sec.
- Common speeds are 10 mm/sec or 30 mm/sec.
Types of Sleep Studies
- PSG (Polysomnography): Comprehensive diagnostic tool for sleep disorders that records brain waves, blood oxygen levels, heart rate, and breathing.
- CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) Titration: Used to determine optimal pressure needed to keep airways open in patients with sleep apnea.
- MSLT (Multiple Sleep Latency Test): Measures how quickly a person falls asleep in a quiet environment during the day, consisting of 5 naps.
- MWT (Maintenance of Wakefulness Test): Assesses ability to stay awake in a conducive environment, consisting of 4 trials.
- HSAT (Home Sleep Apnea Test): Simplified test performed at home to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea.
10/20 System
- Measurement method used to place EEG electrodes on scalp based on relative distances between landmarks on the head.
- Sites include Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2, etc.
Sleep Hygiene
- Practices that promote regular, restful sleep, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a comfortable sleep environment, and avoiding caffeine and electronics before bed.
Sleep Assessment Tools
- Berlin Questionnaire: Identifies patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea based on categories like snoring, fatigue, and hypertension.
- Epworth Sleepiness Scale: Measures a person's general level of daytime sleepiness on a scale from 0 to 24.
Bio Cals (Biological Calibrations)
- Performed before and after a sleep study to ensure proper functioning of equipment.
- Exercises include eye movements, muscle tone changes, and breathing exercises to verify sensors are accurately recording physiological signals.
Frequency of Sleep Waves
- Alpha: 8-13 Hz, associated with relaxed wakefulness.
- Beta: 13-30 Hz, associated with active wakefulness and alertness.
- Theta: 4-7 Hz, seen in light sleep stages (N1 and N2).
- Delta: 0.5-4 Hz, seen in deep sleep (N3).
- Sleep Spindles: 11-16 Hz, brief bursts of activity seen in stage N2 sleep.
- K Complex: Sharp negative wave followed by a positive component, seen in stage N2 sleep.
Epoch
- Typically 30 seconds in PSG scoring.
Stages of Sleep
- N1: Light sleep, slow eye movements, theta waves.
- N2: Deeper sleep, sleep spindles, and K complexes.
- N3: Deep sleep, delta waves.
- REM (Rapid Eye Movement): Active brain patterns, rapid eye movements, and muscle atonia.
REM Latency
- Time from sleep onset to the first epoch of REM sleep, typically 90-120 minutes.
Pediatrics Studies
- Capnograph, CO2 Monitoring: Measures end-tidal CO2 to assess ventilation and respiratory effort in children during sleep studies.
Proper Documentation
- Accurate and detailed recording of patient information, study parameters, and observations during a sleep study, following legal and ethical guidelines.
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Test your knowledge of sleep medicine and organizations, including the AASM scoring manual and professional sleep organizations like BRPT and AASM.