Sleep Disorders and Therapeutics

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What is the primary function of melatonin in the body?

To suppress the immune system
To regulate the body's sleep-wake cycle (correct)
To regulate the reproductive axis
To modulate GABA-A receptors

What is the potential consequence of long-term use of melatonin supplements?

Improved sleep quality
Increased risk of breast cancer
Disruption of natural melatonin production (correct)
Enhanced cognitive function

Which natural remedy has a compound that inhibits GABA transaminase, promoting relaxation and sleep?

German Chamomile
English Lavender
Valerian
Lemon Balm (correct)

What is the primary mechanism of action of melatonin supplements in improving sleep quality?

Regulating the body's sleep-wake cycle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to improving sleep quality, according to the text?

Exploring non-pharmacological options, such as lifestyle modifications (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of light exposure in the morning, according to the text?

To synchronize circadian rhythms and promote alertness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

To act as the internal timing system, controlling sleep, hormone release, and metabolism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the human circadian clock is affected when traveling to the West?

The human circadian clock has to be lengthened to synchronize with the local environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sleep, according to Dr. Steponenaite?

To allow the body to repair and regenerate tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the human circadian clock running on a cycle slightly more than 24 hours?

The circadian clock is strongly entrained by light, allowing for synchronization with the external environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of sleep on brain function, according to Dr. Steponenaite?

It enhances the learning and recall process (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fluctuation of housekeeping hormones during the night?

To support the body's ability to repair and regenerate tissues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary signaling cue used by the circadian clock in regulating sleep?

Sunlight (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the CLOCK-BMAL1 protein complex in the circadian clock?

Production of PER and CRY proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sleep stages?

Delayed REM sleep onset (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of narcolepsy?

Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of serotonin in sleep regulation?

Regulates REM sleep stages (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of restless leg syndrome?

Dopamine imbalance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of adenosine in sleep regulation?

Promotes sleep (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that helps regulate REM sleep and wakefulness?

Hypocretin (orexin) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the adjustment of sleep habits to synchronize with the external environment?

Entrainment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the therapy that can help manage insomnia?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (D) Signup and view all the answers