[PPT] Disorders of the Integumentary System

A flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1 cm in diameter.

Elevated, firm, rough lesion with flat top surface, > 1mm in diameter.

Elevated, circumscribed, superficial; does not extend into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter.

Elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter. Examples: Wart, elevated moles, lichen planus, fibroma, insect bite.

A solid, raised lesion larger than 1 cm in diameter.

A solid, raised lesion larger than 1 cm in diameter.

A solid, raised lesion usually greater than 2 cm in diameter.

A solid, raised lesion larger than 1 cm in diameter.

A raised, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema.

A thinning of the skin that can cause wrinkling or depression.

A thickened area of skin with exaggerated skin markings.

A type of skin lesion that involves abnormally thick, keratinized cells, often flaky, irregular in shape, and may be dry or oily. The size can vary.

Immune cells found in the epidermis that act as messengers for immune responses. They send signals about things like UV radiation, chemicals, and pathogens, helping to maintain a balance in the immune system.

A common skin condition that involves the immune system, causing inflammation and itching. It's caused by a reaction to something like poison ivy, nickel in jewelry, or other allergens.

A chronic, inflammatory skin condition that causes dryness, itchiness, and often rashes. It's often associated with allergies and a weakened immune system.

Inflammation of the hair follicle, usually caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi.

A common type of bacteria that often causes folliculitis.

A deep, painful infection of a hair follicle, characterized by a red, swollen, and painful bump.

A widespread inflammation of the skin, often caused by bacteria.

A contagious skin infection caused by bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.

A viral infection caused by the Varicella-zoster virus, characterized by itchy, fluid-filled blisters.

A reactivation of the Varicella-zoster virus, causing painful blisters along a nerve pathway.

A group of viruses that cause warts, characterized by raised, rough growths on the skin.

A group of skin disorders characterized by the development of papules, scales, plaques, and erythema.

A chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by well-defined, erythematous plaques topped with silvery scales.

The rapid growth and shedding of keratinocytes, the main cells of the epidermis.

The process where skin cells turnover at a faster rate than normal, resulting in a buildup of cells on the skin surface.

Antigenic triggers, such as infections, trauma, or stress, can initiate the immune response in psoriasis.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in psoriasis by migrating to the skin and presenting antigens to T cells, activating the immune response.

Psoriasis can appear on various body parts, with common locations including the elbows, knees, trunk, and scalp.

Psoriatic nails can exhibit dystrophy, a deterioration of the nail structure, characterized by pitting, thickening, or discoloration.

Fungal infections of the skin caused by dermatophytes, which thrive on keratin and create superficial lesions.

Fungi that inhabit keratinized tissues like skin, hair, and nails, and cause superficial infections.

A fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, often affecting mucous membranes like the mouth, vagina, penis, and skin.

A skin condition characterized by precancerous growths that can develop into squamous cell carcinoma.

A non-cancerous growth of melanocytes, appearing as a colored spot or bump on the skin.

The most common type of skin cancer, characterized by slow-growing, pearly or waxy bumps.

A type of skin cancer that grows faster than basal cell carcinoma and can spread to other parts of the body.

The most serious type of skin cancer, characterized by abnormal moles and rapid growth potential.

The largest organ of the body, accounting for 20% of its weight. It is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.

The outermost layer of skin, responsible for protection against microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation, and water loss. It is composed of keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells.

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis, containing connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It provides structural support, flexibility, and insulation.

The deepest layer of skin, composed mainly of fat and connective tissue. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.

Insoluble protein that forms the main constituent of skin, hair, and nails.

A pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin, responsible for absorbing UV light to protect cells from damage.

Specialized dendritic cells found in the epidermis, they play a role in the immune response by presenting antigens to T cells.

Sensory cells found in the epidermis, they are responsible for touch sensation.

A type of loose connective tissue found in the dermis, it allows skin to stretch and contract, and contains structures like hair follicles, glands, vessels, and nerves.

The deepest layer of skin, primarily composed of fat cells (adipocytes) organized into lobules by collagen and blood vessels.

A general term describing skin inflammation, characterized by itching, lesions with blurry edges, and changes in the outermost skin layer.

A type of dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction to something that touches the skin, such as poison ivy or nickel in jewelry.

An altered immune response to an antigen, resulting in disease or inflammation that harms the body.

A type of hypersensitivity reaction triggered by IgE antibodies, leading to allergic reactions like hay fever or food allergies.

A type of hypersensitivity reaction involving the body's own cells, like in autoimmune diseases.

A type of hypersensitivity reaction involving immune complexes that deposit in tissues, as in rheumatoid arthritis.

A chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, red, and dry patches. It is often associated with allergies and a weakened immune system.

A type IV hypersensitivity reaction caused by allergens like chemicals, metals, or plants. It involves a delayed immune response, leading to characteristic rashes and itching.

A severe allergic reaction involving the release of histamine, causing hives, itching, and swelling. It is triggered by allergens such as drugs, foods, or environmental agents.

A group of skin disorders characterized by papules, scales, plaques, and erythema. Examples include psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, and lichen planus.

A chronic, autoimmune skin disorder causing thick, silvery plaques. It involves rapid skin cell turnover and inflammation, often affecting the elbows, knees, and scalp.

The most common type of psoriasis, characterized by well-defined, raised plaques covered with silvery scales.

The rapid growth and shedding of keratinocytes, the main cells of the epidermis. This is a hallmark of psoriasis.

The process where skin cells turnover at a faster rate than normal, resulting in a buildup of cells on the skin surface. This is a key feature of psoriasis.

Antigenic triggers, such as infections, trauma, or stress, can initiate the immune response in psoriasis. These triggers can vary from person to person.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in psoriasis by migrating to the skin and presenting antigens to T cells, activating the immune response.

UV radiation that penetrates deep skin layers, contributing to long-term skin damage.

UV radiation that penetrates the skin's surface, causing sunburn and skin cancer.

A fat-soluble steroid hormone essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

The process where UV radiation converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin cells into previtamin D3, the precursor to vitamin D.

The biologically active form of vitamin D, essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

UV radiation exposure plays a significant role in the development of many skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

The classification of sun-reactive skin types helps determine the risk of developing skin cancer. Individuals with skin types prone to sun sensitivity (Fitzpatrick skin types I-II) are at higher risk.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, often appearing as a pearly or waxy bump. It typically grows slowly and rarely spreads.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) develops in the epidermis, the outer layer of skin. It is more likely to metastasize than BCC.

The ABCD rule is used to identify potential signs of melanoma. It stands for Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, and Diameter greater than 6 mm.

Basal cell carcinoma often arises from mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. This gene plays a crucial role in preventing cell growth.

UV radiation exposure promotes the mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene that can lead to squamous cell carcinoma.

Mutations that activate oncogenes (promote cell growth), inactivate tumor suppressor genes, and impair DNA repair genes can contribute to melanoma.

A shift in the type of Cutibacterium acnes bacteria, changing from a harmless resident to a harmful, potentially acne-causing species. This often occurs due to changes in the environment of the skin, like increased sebum production.

A skin condition characterized by inflamed hair follicles, often caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. These follicles become red, swollen, and may even produce pus.

An infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, causing characteristic redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Staphylococcus aureus, group A Streptococcus, and Streptococcus pyogenes are common culprits.

A contagious bacterial skin infection commonly occurring in children, characterized by superficial blisters that rupture and form crusty scabs. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are the primary bacteria involved.

A highly contagious viral infection caused by the Varicella-zoster virus, characterized by an itchy, blistering rash that typically affects the trunk, scalp, and face. The virus spreads through airborne droplets or close contact.

A reactivation of the Varicella-zoster virus, occurring after chickenpox, resulting in a painful, blistering rash along a nerve pathway. This typically occurs in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Part of the immune system, dendritic cells are specialized cells that migrate to the skin and present antigens to T cells, activating the immune response in psoriasis.