[PPT] Disorders of the Integumentary System
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a fissure skin lesion?

  • Heaped-up, keratinized cells with flaky skin (correct)
  • Small blisters filled with clear fluid
  • Rough, red patches frequently oozing
  • Thickened epidermis from chronic irritation

    • Which condition is often characterized by lichenification?

  • Psoriasis
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Chronic dermatitis (correct)
  • Eczema

    • What role do Langerhans cells play in the epidermis?

  • They transmit immune signals from the epidermal surface. (correct)
  • They facilitate the healing of eczema.
  • They act as the primary barrier against pathogens.
  • They produce keratin for skin protection.

    • Which of the following is NOT typically a feature of inflammatory skin disorders?

    <p>Excessive oil production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can modify the function of Langerhans cells in disease states?

    <p>Aberrant signaling from the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of primary skin lesion is characterized by a small, flat spot without elevation?

    <p>Macule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of secondary skin lesion is formed from a loss of skin surface resulting in a shallow defect?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary skin lesion that appears as a circumscribed, raised area often filled with fluid?

    <p>Vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary lesion is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the skin?

    <p>Keloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a primary skin lesion that has elevated, irregular shapes and is transient in nature?

    <p>Wheal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary infectious cause of folliculitis?

    <p>S.aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of secondary skin lesion involves a rough surface due to the accumulation of dead skin cells?

    <p>Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary lesion is defined as a raised, palpable lesion with a diameter greater than 1 cm?

    <p>Nodule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions are typically seen in folliculitis?

    <p>Papules or pustules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a non-infectious cause of folliculitis?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of primary skin lesion is characterized by a large, flat area larger than 1 cm in size?

    <p>Patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the inflammation seen in folliculitis?

    <p>Release of chemotactic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lesions most prominently found in cases of folliculitis?

    <p>On the scalp and extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is effective for managing folliculitis?

    <p>Topical antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is associated with the development of folliculitis?

    <p>Prolonged skin moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition shares similar clinical manifestations with folliculitis?

    <p>Impetigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions are associated with papulosquamous disorders?

    <p>Psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of plaque psoriasis?

    <p>Well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body parts are commonly affected by plaque psoriasis?

    <p>Dorsal foot and elbows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism contributes to the development of psoriasis?

    <p>Keratinocyte hyperproliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified under papulosquamous disorders?

    <p>Acne Vulgaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is suspected to trigger the psoriatic response?

    <p>Antigenic triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of psoriatic nails?

    <p>Dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the appearance of psoriasis on the skin?

    <p>Confluent red plaques with silvery scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dermatophytes primarily associated with?

    <p>Fungal infections of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes C.albicans?

    <p>A fungal infection that penetrates the epidermal barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following skin conditions has a high risk of developing into squamous cell carcinoma?

    <p>Actinic keratosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bowen's disease also known as?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma in situ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of benign skin tumors like actinic keratosis?

    <p>They can evolve into skin cancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes the superficial lesions associated with dermatophyte infections?

    <p>Fungi thriving on keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical manifestation of candidiasis?

    <p>Ulcers in the mouth and vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ultraviolet radiation play in skin health?

    <p>It encourages the development of skin cancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of a papule?

    <p>It is elevated, firm, and has a rough surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size limit for a macule?

    <p>Less than 1 cm in diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary skin lesion is characterized as an elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter?

    <p>Papule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary skin lesion resembles a papule but is larger and deeper?

    <p>Nodule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a vesicle in terms of size and content?

    <p>Elevated, filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is the best description for a tumor in relation to primary skin lesions?

    <p>A solid mass of tissue that can be larger than 1 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a wheal from other skin lesions?

    <p>It is elevated and often itchy, caused by an allergic reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to a nodule?

    <p>It is a flat, determined area of skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

    <p>Protects the body from external harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the main component of skin, hair, and nails?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for absorbing ultraviolet light?

    <p>Melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant role of Langerhans cells in the integumentary system?

    <p>To present antigens and initiate immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin is primarily composed of connective tissue?

    <p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the body's weight does the skin account for?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the skin microbiome?

    <p>A protective barrier against harmful bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin is produced in the skin as a response to sunlight?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dermatitis is characterized by skin inflammation and identified by pruritus and lesions with indistinct borders?

    <p>Atopic Dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and known as allergy?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary skin lesion is characterized by the formation of a thickened area of skin due to the accumulation of dead skin cells?

    <p>Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the subcutaneous layer of the skin?

    <p>Consists of fat cells organized into lobules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of eczema is categorized as a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Allergic Contact Dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT typically represent a secondary skin lesion?

    <p>Plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin layer is primarily responsible for the presence of fibroblasts and mast cells?

    <p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of dermatitis?

    <p>Scaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ultraviolet radiation is primarily responsible for causing sunburn?

    <p>UVB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skin cancer is classified as melanoma?

    <p>Malignant melanoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Calcium homeostasis and bone health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wavelength of UV light is responsible for converting 7-dehydrocholesterol into previtamin D3?

    <p>300 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, produced?

    <p>By hydroxylation in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potentially harmful effect does excessive exposure to UV radiation pose?

    <p>Elevated risk of skin cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about vitamin D is true?

    <p>Vitamin D requires exposure to sunlight for its production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to 25-hydroxyvitamin D as it circulates in the body?

    <p>It requires hydroxylation in the kidney to become active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune mechanism involved in atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Type I hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is commonly associated with allergic contact dermatitis?

    <p>Allergens like chemicals and metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the lesions commonly seen in psoriasis?

    <p>Silvery, elevated, well-demarcated erythematous lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines are notably involved in the activation of T cells in psoriasis?

    <p>IL-12 and IL-23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical manifestation is commonly observed in urticaria due to a type I hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Wheals or hives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which demographic is atopic dermatitis most frequently observed?

    <p>Infants and children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes allergic contact dermatitis from atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Allergic contact dermatitis involves type IV hypersensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a feature of papulosquamous disorders?

    <p>They involve the development of papules and scales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism contributes to the thickening of the skin in psoriasis?

    <p>Altered differentiation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is typically associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Atopic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of skin cancer?

    <p>Basal Cell Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily responsible for the increase in nonmelanoma skin cancer rates?

    <p>UV radiation exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do basal cell carcinomas typically grow?

    <p>Upward and laterally or downwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of squamous cell carcinoma compared to basal cell carcinoma?

    <p>It develops from premalignant lesions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do mutations in p53 tumor suppressor genes play in skin cancer?

    <p>They lead to mutations in skin cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin cancer has the lowest mortality rate?

    <p>Basal Cell Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes melanoma in terms of its cellular origin?

    <p>It arises from melanocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical appearance of basal cell carcinoma lesions?

    <p>Nodular with depressed centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of melanoma indicates that it has not penetrated beyond the epidermis?

    <p>In situ melanoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with suspicious nevi leading to melanoma?

    <p>Uneven coloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of acne vulgaris?

    <p>Colonization of Cutibacterium acnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral infection is characterized by an itchy, blistering rash lasting about 5-10 days?

    <p>Varicella-Zoster Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism behind Herpes Zoster (Shingles) occurring years after chickenpox?

    <p>Activation of dormant virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is most commonly associated with folliculitis?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the classic symptoms of cellulitis?

    <p>Erythematous, warm, and painful swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin infection is known for producing a honey-colored crust?

    <p>Impetigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tinea infection specifically affects the feet and is commonly known as 'Athlete’s foot'?

    <p>Tinea pedis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor associated with developing cellulitis?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main type of fungal infection that dermatophytes cause?

    <p>Tinea infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ultraviolet radiation type is primarily responsible for the carcinogenic effects on skin cells?

    <p>UVB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of ultraviolet light that penetrates the Earth's surface?

    <p>Carcinogenic effects on skin cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by active, vesicular eruptions followed by crusting?

    <p>Chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dermatophyte infection involves hair loss and is commonly referred to as 'ringworm of the scalp'?

    <p>Tinea capitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Candida albicans in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Pathogen switching from commensal to pathogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System Overview

    • The integumentary system comprises skin and accessory structures.
    • Skin accounts for roughly 20% of the body's weight.
    • It's the largest organ of the body.
    • Primary functions include protection from microorganisms, UV radiation, fluid loss, and mechanical stress.
    • The skin microbiome is important for defense against pathogens.
    • Thermo-regulation of the body.
    • Involved in vitamin D synthesis
    • Touch and pressure receptors are present
    • Key accessory structures include hair, nails, and glands.

    Epidermis Layers

    • Stratum corneum
    • Stratum lucidum
    • Stratum granulosum
    • Stratum spinosum
    • Stratum basale

    Epidermal Cells

    • Keratinocytes: Main component of skin, hair, and nails.
    • Melanocytes: Produce melanin (pigment) that protects against UV radiation.
    • Langerhans cells: Specialized dendritic immune cells, migrate from bone marrow, present antigens to T cells.
    • Merkel cells: Sensory cells involved in touch.

    Dermis Composition

    • Contains collagen, elastin, and reticulin connective tissue.
    • Allows the skin to stretch and contract.
    • Houses hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
    • Also includes fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages for wound healing.

    Subcutaneous Layer

    • Composed of fat cells (adipocytes).
    • Provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.

    Skin Lesions

    • Primary lesions: Initial changes in the skin.
      • Macule: Flat, circumscribed area of a change in color.
      • Papule: Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion.
      • Plaque: Elevated, firm, rough, and flat-topped lesion.
      • Nodule: Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion, deeper in the skin.
      • Vesicle: Elevated, circumscribed lesion filled with serous fluid (clear liquid less than 1cm).
      • Wheal: Elevated, irregularly shaped lesion, caused by edema.
      • Tumor: Mass of cells that can be benign or malignant.
      • Cyst: Encapsulated lesion filled with liquid or semisolid material.
    • Secondary lesions: Changes that occur in primary lesions.
      • Atrophy: Loss of skin thickness
      • Erosion: Loss of epidermis
      • Ulcer: Loss of epidermis and dermis
      • Lichenification: Thickening & roughening of skin, often due to chronic friction or scratching.
      • Scale: Layers of dead skin
      • Fissure: Linear crack or break
      • Scar: Area of fibrous tissue resulting from skin injury.
      • Keloid: Raised, fibrous scar tissue that extends beyond the original wound
      • Excoriation: Loss of epidermis through abrasion or scratching.

    Inflammatory Skin Disorders

    • Dermatitis: General term for skin inflammation
    • Atopic ('allergic') Dermatitis: Chronic relapsing skin condition, mediated by IgE.
    • Allergic contact dermatitis: Type IV reaction due to allergen interaction with skin.
    • Non-allergic contact dermatitis: Non-immune response to irritant contact.
    • Stasis Dermatitis: Impaired vascular function
    • Seborrheic Dermatitis: Inflammatory skin condition of scalp or other parts of body.

    Hypersensitivity Reactions

    • Type I: Allergic reactions, mediated by IgE.
    • Type II: Tissue-specific reactions, mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.
    • Type III: Immune complex-mediated reactions.
    • Type IV: Cell-mediated (delayed) reactions.

    Urticaria (Hives)

    • Episode of skin lesions (wheals and hives) caused by type I hypersensitivity to allergen.

    Other Disorders

    • Psoriasis
    • Acne vulgaris
    • Acne rosacea
    • Lupus erythematosus
    • Lichen planus

    Viral Skin Infections

    • Varicella-zoster virus: Causes chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster)
    • Herpes simplex virus: Causes cold sores and genital herpes.

    Bacterial Skin Infections

    • Folliculitis: Infection of hair follicles.
    • Cellulitis: Infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
    • Impetigo: Superficial skin infection.

    Fungal Skin Infections

    • Dermatophytes: Fungi that thrive on keratin
    • Tinea infections: Fungal skin infections categorized by location (e.g., Tinea capitis [scalp], Tinea pedis [feet]).
    • Candidiasis: Yeast infection of mucous membranes, skin

    UV Radiation and Skin Cancer

    • Types of UV radiation are UVA, UVB, and UVC.
    • UV radiation causes DNA damage which can lead to skin cancer.
    • Types of skin cancers include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.

    Vitamin D

    • Skin synthesizes vitamin D, a critical fat-soluble hormone, upon exposure to sunlight.
    • Crucial for bone health, calcium absorption, and several other bodily processes.

    Skin Cancer

    • Exposure to UV radiation increases the risk of skin cancer.
    • Key risk factors include excessive sun exposure, tanning beds, and certain light sources.
    • Common types of skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
    • Early detection is crucial for treatment.

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    Related Documents

    Module 2 2024 Final Thursday AM Sept 26.2024 Student Version (1) PDF
    Module 2 Disorders of the Integumentary System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various skin lesions and disorders with this quiz. It covers characteristics of both primary and secondary skin lesions, the role of specific cells in the epidermis, and common conditions associated with them. Ideal for students in dermatology or nursing fields.

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