Dermatology Quiz on Skin Lesions
53 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a primary skin lesion?

  • Keloid
  • Papule (correct)
  • Crust
  • Ulcer

    • What is the correct term for a skin lesion that has a raised, solid, round or oval shape and is less than 1 cm in diameter?

  • Plaque
  • Nodule
  • Macule
  • Papule (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to describe the borders/margins of a skin lesion?

  • Circular
  • Ill-defined
  • Serpiginous (correct)
  • Well-defined

    • What is the fourth step in the process of skin cell formation?

    <p>Desquamation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a skin lesion described as "annular"?

    <p>Ring-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin contains hair follicles, nerve endings, sweat glands, and connective tissue?

    <p>Dermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skin disorder involves papules and plaques?

    <p>Papulo-squamous diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a secondary skin lesion?

    <p>Scale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common site for lichen simplex chronicus?

    <p>Palms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common treatment for nummular eczema?

    <p>Topical steroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of contact dermatitis?

    <p>Well-defined erythema and edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common treatment for atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Topical steroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common eliciting factor for atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Greasy, yellowish scales (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to be exacerbated by scratching?

    <p>Lichen simplex chronicus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with venous insufficiency?

    <p>Stasis dermatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used for severe, intractable cases of atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Oral steroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common trigger for seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'herald patch'?

    <p>Pityriasis Rosea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 25-year-old woman presents with red, scaly patches on her elbows and knees, along with pitting of her fingernails. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?

    <p>Psoriasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common trigger for Perioral Dermatitis?

    <p>Topical corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for Fixed Drug Eruption?

    <p>Discontinuation of the offending drug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Lichen Planus?

    <p>Lesions are usually round or oval (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 45-year-old man presents with yellow, greasy scales on his scalp and eyebrows. This condition is most likely:

    <p>Seborrheic Dermatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical course of Pityriasis Rosea?

    <p>Acute and self-limiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is often triggered by a strep infection?

    <p>Guttate Psoriasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions is characterized by a 'Christmas tree' pattern?

    <p>Pityriasis Rosea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of both Psoriasis and Seborrheic Dermatitis?

    <p>Presents with well-demarcated plaques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a skin lesion that is described as 'confluent'?

    <p>Lesions are grouped closely together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to describe the texture of a skin lesion?

    <p>Pigmentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT typically used to treat acne vulgaris?

    <p>Metronidazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about pemphigus is FALSE?

    <p>Bullae in pemphigus are typically tense and difficult to rupture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common factor that contributes to hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

    <p>Follicle plugging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic required for a diagnosis of acne vulgaris?

    <p>Presence of comedones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of topical retinoids in acne vulgaris treatment?

    <p>Promote skin cell shedding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common treatment option for chronic low-grade hidradenitis suppurativa?

    <p>Oral antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common treatment for moderate acne vulgaris?

    <p>Topical clindamycin and oral Minocycline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical characteristic that often indicates the presence of a sinus tract in hidradenitis suppurativa?

    <p>Bridge scars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common age for spontaneous remission of hidradenitis suppurativa?

    <p>Over 35 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding factors affecting the severity of acne vulgaris is TRUE?

    <p>Androgens play a role in the development of acne. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of bullous pemphigoid?

    <p>Often starts with an urticarial eruption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of hidradenitis suppurativa that might contribute to psychological distress?

    <p>Pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid?

    <p>Pemphigus bullae are more easily ruptured than bullous pemphigoid bullae. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is most commonly used to treat both mild and moderate acne vulgaris?

    <p>Benzoyl peroxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely underlying cause of the inflammatory response seen in acne vulgaris?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two possible arrangement types of lesions?

    <p>Confluent and Unconfluent (A), Grouped and Disseminated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is assessed through palpation?

    <p>Consistency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic describes the degree of clarity in the border of a lesion?

    <p>Margination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary considerations when assessing the location and distribution of a lesion?

    <p>Extent and Pattern (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT assessed when palpating a lesion?

    <p>Confluence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key aspects of the 'Type' characteristic of a lesion?

    <p>Papule, Macule, Pustule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Confluence' refer to regarding skin lesions?

    <p>The merging of multiple lesions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of skin lesions described in the provided content?

    <p>Texture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Papulo-squamous diseases

    Skin disorders characterized by papules and plaques such as dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis.

    Desquamation

    The shedding of the outer skin layer, which includes conditions like erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

    Vesicular bullae

    A type of skin lesion with fluid-filled blisters, includes pemphigoid and pemphigus.

    Acneiform lesions

    Skin conditions resembling acne, including acne vulgaris, rosacea, and folliculitis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Primary skin lesions

    Initial skin changes that occur directly due to disease or injury, like macules and papules.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Secondary skin lesions

    Alterations in the skin resulting from primary lesions, such as crusts and ulcers.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell differentiation

    The process in which keratinocytes change shape and composition as they move up in the dermis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Keratinization

    The process where skin cells secrete keratin and lipids, forming a protective matrix for the skin.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Color

    The visual hue of the skin lesion, indicating potential conditions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Location/distribution

    The specific area and spread pattern of the skin lesion.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Arrangement

    How lesions are organized: grouped, disseminated, or confluent.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Margination

    The clarity of the edges of the lesion; well-defined versus ill-defined.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Palpation

    Evaluating the lesion by touch for consistency, temperature, mobility, tenderness, and depth.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Shape

    The geometric form of the lesion (round, oval, irregular).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Type

    Classifying the lesion based on characteristics (e.g. papule, macule, pustule).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Single vs multiple

    The count of lesions: Are there one or several present?

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lichen Simplex Chronicus

    Localized thickening of skin due to chronic rubbing and scratching.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Numular Eczema

    Chronic, inflammatory skin condition with coin-shaped plaques.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Contact Dermatitis

    Skin reaction due to irritants or allergens, can be acute or chronic.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Stasis Dermatitis

    Skin condition related to venous insufficiency, causing swelling and inflammation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Atopic Dermatitis

    Chronic skin disorder marked by itch-scratch cycles, common in infants.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Seborrheic Dermatitis

    Chronic skin condition that leads to flaky, yellowish scabs, common in oily areas.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Treatment for Lichen Simplex Chronicus

    Stop scratching, use occlusive dressings and topical steroids.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Symptoms of Contact Dermatitis

    Includes stinging, itching, and burning sensations in affected areas.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Atopic Dermatitis Triggers

    Can be triggered by inhalants, foods, weather, and emotional stress.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Common Sites for Seborrheic Dermatitis

    Affects scalp, face, trunk, and body folds.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cradle Cap

    Yellow greasy scales on the scalp, resembles dandruff.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Perioral Dermatitis

    Erythematous papulopustules around the mouth, often with scales.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Fixed Drug Eruption

    Localized skin reaction to a drug, forms sharply demarcated patches.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lichen Planus

    Inflammation causing purple, polygonal papules that are pruritic.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pityriasis Rosea

    Acute rash starting with a herald patch, develops into a 'tree' pattern.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Psoriasis

    Chronic skin disease with well-defined plaques and silver scales.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Guttate Psoriasis

    Scattered drop-like lesions, often following a strep infection.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Common Treatments

    Options include topical steroids, antifungals, and phototherapy.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pruritus

    A symptom of itching commonly associated with skin conditions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hidradenitis Suppurativa

    A chronic skin condition causing painful abscesses and scarring, often in areas with apocrine glands.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lesion Types

    Classified into primary (e.g., papule, vesicle) and secondary (e.g., crust, ulcer) skin lesions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pathogenesis of Hidradenitis

    Starts with follicle plugging, leading to inflammation, bacterial growth, and scarring.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Clinical Features of Hidradenitis

    Includes double comedones, red nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and various scars.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Treatment Options

    Includes steroids, drainage, prednisone, surgery, antibiotics, isotretinoin, and adalimumab.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Skin Lesion Description

    Described by color, location, arrangement, margins, palpation, shape, and type.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Effective Scarring

    Can result from tissue destruction in hydradenitis after chronic lesions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sinus Tracts

    Pathways formed under the skin as a result of hidradenitis and can cause complications.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pemphigus

    Chronic or acute bullous autoimmune disease in adults aged 40-60, often beginning in the mouth with painful lesions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Bullous Pemphigoid

    Autoimmune disease in elderly patients characterized by large, tense bullae, often starting with urticarial eruptions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Nikolsky sign

    A clinical sign where the skin blisters easily when rubbed, indicative of pemphigus.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acne Vulgaris

    Inflammation of pilosebaceous units, seen mainly in young people, leading to comedones, cysts, and scarring.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Comedones

    Blocked hair follicles that form blackheads (open) or whiteheads (closed) essential for diagnosing acne.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Treatment for mild acne

    Involves topical antibiotics like clindamycin, erythromycin, and benzoyl peroxide to reduce bacteria and unplug pores.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Moderate Acne Treatment

    Includes topical regimen plus oral antibiotics like Minocycline or Doxycycline as acne worsens.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Factors in Acne Pathogenesis

    Includes follicular keratinization, hormone levels, and species of bacteria causing inflammation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acne Scars

    Physical skin changes post-acne due to inflammation, leading to pits or pigmentation changes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acne Severity in Ethnicities

    More severe in males; less common in Asians and African Americans.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Dermatology 1

    • Topics covered include papulo-squamous diseases (dermatitis, eczema, drug eruptions, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, psoriasis), desquamation (erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis), vesicular bullae (pemphigoid, pemphigus), and acneiform lesions (acne vulgaris, rosacea, folliculitis).

    Instructional Objectives

    • Identify and describe the etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management of various skin disorders.
    • Accurately describe skin lesions using standard terms.

    Skin Lesions: Standard Terms

    • Number: single, multiple
    • Pigmentation/color: white, flesh colored, pink, pearly, erythematous, tan-brown, salmon, black, purple, violaceous, and yellow.
    • Shape & Arrangement: annular, round/discoid, linear, oval, iris/target, zosteriform, serpiginous, stellate, reticulate, morbilliform, polycyclic.
    • Texture: consistency, mobility, temperature, tenderness, depth
    • Borders/margins: well-defined, ill-defined.
    • Type: primary (macule, tumor, patch, wheal, papule, vesicle, plaque, bulla, nodule, pustule, cyst, telangiectasia) and secondary (crust, fissure, scale, ulcer, lichenified, keloid, erosion, hypertrophic scar, atrophy, excoriation).
    • Arrangement/location/distribution: localized, regional, generalized.
    • Associated Changes: to be documented.

    Skin Layers

    • Epidermis
    • Dermis
    • Subcutaneous tissue (fat)

    Epidermal Layers

    • Stratum corneum
    • Granular layer
    • Spinous layer
    • Basal layer
    • Keratohyaline granules
    • Desmosomes

    Skin Cell Formation

    • 4 steps: cell division (basal layer), cell differentiation, keratinization, desquamation.
    • Keratinocytes divide in the basal layer; as they move up, they change shape and composition.
    • Keratinocytes secrete keratin proteins and lipids to form a matrix protecting the skin.
    • Outermost skin cells die and shed.

    Dermis

    • Contains hair follicles, nerve endings, sweat glands, and connective tissue.

    Skin Exam

    • Be thorough! Examine the patient in a gown.
    • Use good lighting (consider magnification).
    • Check scalp, palms, soles, and nails.
    • Look for lesions that appear different from others.
    • Note skin texture, turgor, and color.
    • Document findings in detail/photograph and monitor for changes over time.
    • Take a picture and compare to another picture in 6 months or 1 year.

    Approach to Diagnosis (CLAMPS TN)

    • Color
    • Location/distribution (extent, pattern)
    • Arrangement (grouped vs. disseminated & confluence)
    • Margination (well- or ill-defined)
    • Palpation (consistency, temperature, mobility, tenderness, depth)
    • Shape
    • Type (papule, macule, pustule)
    • Number (single vs. multiple)

    Types of Skin Lesions (images)

    • Crust
    • Cyst
    • Macule
    • Papule
    • Pustule
    • Ulcer
    • Vesicle
    • Wheal

    Macule

    • Non-palpable
    • <1 cm diameter
    • Varied pigmentation from surrounding skin.
    • No elevation or depression.
    • Patch: macule >1 cm diameter

    Papule

    • Palpable
    • ≤1 cm diameter (isolated or grouped).
    • Pustule: small, circumscribed papule containing purulent material.

    Pustule

    • Circumscribed superficial cavity with purulent exudate.
    • Exudate: white, yellow, greenish-yellow, or hemorrhagic.

    Plaque

    • Plateau-like elevation.
    • Ex: psoriasis, lichenification, patch-flat, or barely elevated plaque (atopic dermatitis/eczema).

    Nodule

    • Palpable, solid, fatty, or cystic, round or ellipsoidal.
    • Larger than a papule (1-2 cm)
    • Think of it as a large papule.
    • Tumor: nodule >2 cm.

    Wheal

    • Irregularly shaped, elevated, edematous.
    • Erythematous or paler than surrounding skin.
    • Well-demarcated borders, but not stable.
    • Disappears within 24-48 hours.
    • Multiple wheals/rash = urticaria (hives, whelps)

    Vesicle/Bulla

    • Blister
    • Vesicle <0.5 cm
    • Bulla >0.5cm
    • Well-defined
    • Roof is thin
    • Serum and blood.

    Secondary Skin Lesions

    • Crust-dried serum, blood, or exudate.
    • Scales-flakes
    • Erosion-epidermis defect (heals without scar).
    • Excoriation.
    • Ulcer - defect deeper into dermis (usually indented).
    • Scar-fibrous tissue replacement.
    • Atrophy-diminution of some or all layers of skin.

    Keloid Scars

    • Illustration of keloid scars

    Describing Skin Lesions (format)

    • Systematic approach/format (CLAMPS TN):
      • Color
      • Location/distribution (extent, pattern)
      • Arrangement (grouped vs. disseminated & confluence)
      • Margination (well- or ill-defined)
      • Palpation (consistency, temperature, mobility, tenderness, depth)
      • Shape
      • Type (e.g., papule, macule, pustule)
      • Number (single vs. multiple)

    History

    • Demographics (age, race, sex, occupation, hobbies, chemical/toxin exposure)
    • Constitutional symptoms (acute vs. chronic)
    • History of skin lesions (OLD CARTS)
      • HPI (History of Present Illness)
      • PMHx (Past Medical History)
      • FHx (Family History) – skin cancer/disorders
      • SocHx (Social History)
      • SexHx (Sexual History)

    HX of Skin Lesion (OLD CARTS)

    • 8 Key Questions
      • When did lesion appear (1st noticed)?
      • Where did lesion appear (site of onset)?
      • Does it come and go or is it constant?
      • Does it itch, hurt, or bleed?
      • How has it spread (pattern/evolution)?
      • How have individual lesions changed?
      • What are provocative factors?
      • What are previous treatments (topical, systemic)?

    Desquamation

    • Erythema multiforme
    • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
    • Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)

    Erythema Multiforme

    • Presentation: 50% are <20 y/o, M=F.
    • Cutaneous reaction (drugs, idiopathic), most commonly due to herpes simplex virus (HSV).
    • Target lesions (mucous involvement, palms/soles, cornea, anterior uveitis), pruritis, or burning.
    • Typical target-like lesions.
    • Major: drug reaction, mucosa involvement (pharynx & larynx).
    • Minor: lesions on extremities & face.

    Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)

    • Acute, life-threatening mucocutaneous reactions
    • Necrosis & detachment of epidermis.
    • SJS <10% detachment, TEN >30% detachment (overlap 10-30%).
    • 90% involvement of mucous membranes—ocular, oral, genital.
    • Rarely present on palms/soles.
    • Idiopathic or drug-induced (anti-seizure meds, sulfa, allopurinol, NSAIDs).
    • Increased incidence in HIV & active cancer, F > M.

    Nikolsky sign

    • Ability to extend superficial sloughing by applying gentle lateral pressure elsewhere on skin.
    • Pathognomonic for pemphigus and TEN.

    Vesiculobullous Disease

    • Bullous pemphigoid: autoimmune, elderly patients, large, tense bullae, often starts with urticarial eruption. Common in axillae, medial thigh, groin, flexor UE, lower LE, can be in mouth. Tx - PO, topical steroids 50-100mg QD or immunosuppressives.
    • Pemphigus: chronic or acute, bullous, autoimmune, adults 40-60, predilection for scalp, face, chest, axillae, groin, umbilicus, usually starts in mouth, painful vesicles & bullae that rupture easily, flaccid, weeping, + Nikolsky sign. Tx - dermatologist, high dose steroids and immunosuppression.

    Acne & Related Disorders

    • Acne vulgaris
    • Rosacea
    • Hidradenitis suppurativa

    Acne Vulgaris

    • Inflammation of pilosebaceous units.
    • Seen with comedones (must have), cysts, pustules, and/or nodules.
    • Primarily in young people on face, trunk, upper arms, sometimes buttocks.
    • Can result in pits, depressions, scars, or hyperpigmentation.
    • More severe in males than females.
    • Less common in Asians & African Americans.
    • Cystic acne can be familial.

    Acne Vulgaris (cont'd)

    • Factors in pathogenesis: follicular keratinization, androgens, Propionibacterium acnes (bacteria).
    • Follicular plugging (comedones) traps sebum, androgens produce more sebum, bacteria produce inflammation.
    • Contributory factors: meds (lithium, isoniazid, steroids, OCPs), androgens, stress, occlusion/pressure, cosmetics, pomade, sweat.
    • Worse in fall/winter, painful nodulo-cystic type.
    • Comedones (open=blackheads, closed=whiteheads) for diagnosis.
    • Labs-none required
    • Course-often clears by early 20s, flares in winter and with menarche.

    Acne Vulgaris (treatment)

    • Treatment (mild): topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin) and benzoyl peroxide gels.
    • Topical retinoids (gradual increase in strength from 0.01% to 0.05%, cream, gel, liquid, or ointment).
    • Adapalene (now OTC), and tazarotene - do not use during pregnancy.
    • Combination therapy best.

    Acne Vulgaris (treatment cont'd)

    • Treatment (moderate): same mild regimen plus PO antibiotics (minocycline, doxycycline) tapered to 50mg daily if improves. Spironolactone 25-50mg QD.

    Acne Vulgaris (treatment cont'd)

    • Treatment (severe): same regimen, plus PO isotretinoin for cystic or refractory acne.

    Acne Vulgaris (isotretinoin)

    • Complete remission in most cases.
    • Works by inhibiting sebaceous gland function and keratinization.
    • Extremely teratogenic, MUST have effective contraception and 2 negative pregnancy tests prior to use.
    • Use caution, check lipids & transaminases and normalize doses.
    • Can cause extremely dry skin and mucosa. and depression.

    Rosacea

    • Chronic inflammation of facial pilosebaceous units
    • 30-50 years old, F>M
    • Episodic erythema ("flushing and blushing").
    • Stages I, II, and III: persistent erythema, telangiectasias, papules, tiny pustules, nodules.
    • Note: no comedones.
    • Triggered by hot liquids, spicy foods, alcohol/wine, aged cheese, sun, heat, stress
    • Duration: days, weeks, or months

    Rosacea (cont'd)

    • Late stages: rhinophyma, metophyma, blepharophyma, otophyma, gnatophyma.
    • Distribution: symmetric on the face; rarely on neck, chest, back, scalp.
    • Recurrences are common, usually lifelong.
    • Treatment:
      • Reduce alcohol and caffeine.
      • Metronidazole gel or cream, ivermectin cream
      • Topical antibiotics
      • PO antibiotics (minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline) for papulopustular rosacea.
      • PO isotretinoin for severe disease
      • Surgery for rhinophyma, telangiectasia (lasers).

    Folliculitis

    • Inflammation or infection of superficial hair follicles.
    • Perifollicular papules &/or pustules with surrounding erythema, hair-bearing skin, often pruritic.
    • More common in males.
    • Risk factors: prolonged antibiotic use, topical corticosteroids, hot tubs, (most common staph aureus, hot tubs → Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

    Folliculitis (treatment)

    • Treatment: benzoyl peroxide wash, topical mupirocin, clindamycin, erythromycin. If no improvement, PO Cephalexin.

    Hidradenitis Suppurativa

    • Chronic, suppurative.
    • Apocrine gland skin (axillae, inguinocrural, anogenital, inframammary, rarely scalp.)
    • F (axillae) > M (anogenital).
    • FHx NC acne & HS.
    • Unknown etiology.
    • Risk factors: obesity, smoking, genetic predisposition to acne.

    Hidradenitis Suppurativa (cont'd)

    • Lesions: tender, open & double comedones; red nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts; "bridge" scars; hypertrophic & keloidal scars; contractures.
    • Pathogenesis: follicle plugging, dilated follicle & apocrine duct > inflammation, bacterial growth > extension of suppuration/tissue destruction > ulceration, fibrosis, sinus tracts > scarring.

    Hidradenitis Suppurativa (treatment)

    • Usual spontaneous remission at >35 years.
    • Treatment: intralesional steroids, I&D abscess, prednisone for severe pain & inflammation, surgery (excision, skin grafting), PO antibiotics (chronic low-grade disease), isotretinoin for early disease, adalimumab (Humira), Psychological support.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Dermatology 1 CAM I 2025 (1) (1) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about skin lesions and their characteristics with this comprehensive quiz. From primary to secondary lesions, explore treatment options and features relevant to various skin disorders. Perfect for medical students and professionals looking to refresh their expertise in dermatology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser