Dermatology Quiz: Skin Lesions and Conditions

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Questions and Answers

What defines a bulla in dermatological terms?

A localized transient erythematous edematous lesion that usually lasts less than 24 hours.

A dense plate of fibrous tissue replacing normal epithelial tissues.

A circumscribed solid elevation of the skin more than 5 mm in diameter.

A circumscribed elevation of the skin filled with fluid of more than 5 mm in diameter. (correct)

Which of the following accurately describes an ulcer?

Complete loss of epidermis and at least part of the dermis with healing by scar formation. (correct)

Visible peeling or flaking of outer skin layers.

A deep vertical splitting of the skin extending to the dermis.

Partial loss of epidermis healing without scar formation.

How is a pustule classified in skin lesions?

A circumscribed solid elevation filled with serous fluid.

An elevated lesion filled with purulent exudate. (correct)

A localized transient lesion that lasts more than 24 hours.

A closed cavity containing fluid or semi-solid material.

Which term describes the process of thinning of the epidermis, dermis, or both?

Atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized as exaggerated skin markings resembling the bark of a tree?

Lichenification Signup and view all the answers

Which skin condition is characterized by red or purple discolored spots that range from 4 to 10 mm and do not blanch when pressure is applied?

Purpura Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of examining lesions during a dermatological examination?

To identify the type and characteristics of each lesion Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the dilatation of superficial blood vessels?

Telangiectasia Signup and view all the answers

During the general examination of a patient, which of the following is NOT typically assessed?

Specific lesions and their characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant morphological characteristic that might be assessed during the examination of skin lesions?

The color, shape, and surface of the lesion Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily responsible for producing the pigment melanin?

Melanocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Formation of the epidermal water barrier Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the interface between the epidermis and dermis?

Basement membrane zone Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes Langerhans cells from other epidermal cells?

Presence of Birbeck granules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Loose connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skin lesions is characterized as having a diameter less than 5 mm and is elevated?

Papule Signup and view all the answers

Merkel cells are mainly involved in sensing which type of stimuli?

Mechanical touch Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of anchoring fibrils in the dermal-epidermal junction?

Providing mechanical support Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue primarily makes up the reticular layer of the dermis?

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is located immediately beneath the dermis?

Hypodermis Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT a part of the dermal-epidermal junction?

Epidermal keratinocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the protective functions of the dermal-epidermal junction?

Barrier to large molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conducting a systemic review in dermatological history taking?

To gather information on overall health Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skin lesion is designated as a cirumscribed discoloration that is not elevated or depressed but is more than 5 mm in diameter?

Patch Signup and view all the answers

What is typically found within the hypodermis layer?

Adipose lobules and sensory neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of primary skin lesion?

Vesicle Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the production of keratinocytes?

Stratum basale Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lamellar granules found in the stratum granulosum?

To maintain cellular cohesion Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily found in the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic composition of the stratum corneum?

Dead keratinocytes forming horny scales Signup and view all the answers

Which layer separates the epidermis from the dermis?

Basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

How many layers are present in the stratum granulosum?

3 to 5 layers Signup and view all the answers

What role do defensins play in the stratum corneum?

Part of the immune defense mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epidermal cell is involved in the sensation of touch?

Merkel cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture 1: Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin

Dermatology is the medical branch studying the skin and related diseases.
The skin is the largest organ, comprising approximately 15% of total adult body weight (about 4 kg).
It performs vital functions, including protection from external (physical, chemical, biological) assaults, preventing excessive water loss, and regulating body temperature.

Layers of the Skin

The skin has three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.

Epidermis

The epidermis is the outermost layer.
It has several sublayers, ordered from deep to superficial:
- Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
- Stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer)
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum (only seen in thick skin)
- Stratum corneum (dead keratin layer)
Key cell types in the epidermis include:
- Keratinocytes (90% of epidermal cells) produce keratin and lipids crucial for the epidermal water barrier and regulate calcium, enabling UVB absorption.
- Melanocytes produce melanin, a pigment transferred to keratinocytes, protecting against UV radiation.
- Langerhans cells are dendritic immune cells, crucial for antigen presentation.
- Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors for light touch primarily found in high-touch areas.

Dermis

The dermis is the middle layer.
It has two sublayers:
- Papillary layer: upper layer, loose connective tissue, directly contacts the epidermis.
- Reticular layer: deeper layer, dense connective tissue, contains collagen fibers, sweat glands, hair follicles, muscles, sensory neurons, and blood vessels.

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Tissue)

The deepest layer of skin, also called subcutaneous fascia.
Primarily composed of adipose tissue (fatty tissue)
Contains adipose lobules, sensory neurons. blood vessels, and few appendages (like hair follicles).

History Taking

Attitude: Greet the patient, introduce yourself, and ask for permission.
Personal data: Name, age, gender, occupation, residence, and marital status.
Complaint: Patient's words about the issue (symptoms and details). Example: Itchy pimples and bumps on legs for a month.
History of Present Illness (HPI): Fitzpatrick's 7 questions to understand the onset, location, symptoms evolution, and alleviating factors, and medication history.
Systemic review, Past history (past dermatological and medical), Family history, Drug history, Social history

Dermatological Examination

Skin lesions: Examine primary, secondary, and special skin lesions.
Primary lesions types: Solid lesions (papules, plaques, nodules), flat lesions (macules, patches), fluid-filled lesions (vesicles, bullae, pustules). Examples include macules, patches, papules, plaques, nodules, vesicles, and bullae.
Secondary skin lesions: Describe variations to primary lesions (erosions, scars, ulcers, crusts, fissures, scales, lichenification).
Special skin lesions: Unique or specific skin lesions (comedones, dandruff, burrow, ecchymosis, petechia, purpura, telangiectasia).
Examine the morphology, location, distribution, and special sites like the scalp, palms, soles, and mucous membranes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on dermatological terms and skin lesions with this quiz. Questions cover definitions, classifications, and examinations relevant to dermatology. Challenge yourself to understand key concepts related to skin health and diseases.