Skeleton System Lab 12 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Where in the human skeleton are long bones found?

In the appendicular axis

Distinguish between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a long bone.

Epiphysis is at each end of such a bone expanded portion. Diaphysis is the shaft of the bone.

Where is cartilage found on the surface of a long bone?

On the outer surface, the articulating portion of the epiphysis is coated with a layer of hyaline cartilage.

Where is dense connective tissue found on the surface of a long bone?

In the diaphysis, the periosteum completely encloses the bone except for the articular cartilage on the bone's ends. Signup and view all the answers

In general, what is the function of bony processes?

Provides sites where ligaments and tendons attach; grooves and openings form passageways for blood vessels and nerves. Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between the periosteum and the endosteum.

Periosteum is a tough, vascular covering of fibrous tissue and endosteum is a thin layer of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What differences did you note between the structure of the compact bone and the spongy bone?

The compact bone is tightly packed with tissue. This bone has a continuous extracellular matrix with no spaces. In contrast, spongy bone has thin layers with numerous branching bony plates. Signup and view all the answers

How are these structural differences related to the locations and functions of these two types of bones?

Compact bone in the diaphysis of a long bone forms a semirigid tube, which has a hollow chamber that is continuous with the spaces of the spongy bone. Signup and view all the answers

From your observations, how does the marrow in the medullary cavity compare with the marrow in the spaces of the spongy bone?

The medullary cavity has yellow bone marrow (fat storage). The spaces of the spongy bone have red bone marrow (production of red and white cells). Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bone?

To give shape to the head, face, thorax, and limbs; they also provide support and protection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of epiphyseal plates?

Make young new cells between the primary ossification center (diaphysis) and the secondary ossification center (epiphysis). Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Long Bones in the Skeleton

Long bones are primarily located in the appendicular skeleton, which includes limbs and limb girdles.

Structure of Long Bones

Epiphysis: Expanded ends of long bones, found at both terminal ends.
Diaphysis: The shaft or central part of a long bone, providing structural support.

Cartilage and Bone Surface

Hyaline cartilage coats the articulating surface of the epiphysis, facilitating joint movement and reducing friction.

Connective Tissue in Long Bones

The periosteum, a dense connective tissue layer, entirely encloses the diaphysis, except for areas covered by articular cartilage.

Functions of Bony Processes

Bony processes serve as attachment sites for ligaments and tendons; they also contain grooves and openings that allow for vascular and nerve passage.

Bone Membranes: Periosteum vs. Endosteum

The periosteum is a thick, vascular fibrous covering around bones, while the endosteum is a thinner layer of cells lining the inner surfaces of bones.

Bone Types: Compact vs. Spongy

Compact Bone: Characterized by its dense, tightly packed structure with a continuous extracellular matrix, providing strength and support.
Spongy Bone: Composed of thin, branching bony plates, creating a lightweight structure with spaces for marrow accommodation.

Functional Relation of Bone Structures

Compact bone, located in the diaphysis, forms a semi-rigid tube that contains a medullary cavity connected to the porous spongy bone.

Bone Marrow Comparison

Medullary Cavity: Contains yellow bone marrow, primarily used for fat storage.
Spongy Bone Spaces: Filled with red bone marrow, essential for the production of red and white blood cells.

Overall Functions of Bones

Bones provide shape to various body parts including the head, face, thorax, and limbs, while also offering support, protection, and facilitating movement.

Role of Epiphyseal Plates

Epiphyseal plates are growth regions in long bones, allowing for the creation of new cells between the diaphysis and epiphysis, essential for bone lengthening during development.

Description

Test your knowledge on long bones and their features with these flashcards! Explore key concepts such as the location of long bones in the skeleton, differentiation between the epiphysis and diaphysis, and the role of cartilage on bone surfaces. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of the human skeletal system.