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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the function of articular cartilage in a long bone?
Which of the following best describes the function of articular cartilage in a long bone?
- It houses hematopoietic tissue responsible for producing blood cells.
- It covers and protects the bone ends at joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock. (correct)
- It provides a tough outer covering for the bone, protecting it from impact.
- It serves as the primary site of bone elongation during growth.
What is the primary function of red bone marrow?
What is the primary function of red bone marrow?
- Providing structural support to the bone.
- Lining the medullary cavity and facilitating bone remodeling.
- Storing fat and providing energy reserve.
- Producing blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis. (correct)
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the epiphyseal line?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the epiphyseal line?
- A layer of cartilage that cushions the ends of bones at a joint.
- The region between the epiphysis and diaphysis responsible for bone elongation.
- A tough, outer connective tissue covering that protects the bone.
- The remnant of the epiphyseal plate, indicating that bone elongation has ceased. (correct)
What is the function of the periosteum?
What is the function of the periosteum?
Which of the following best describes the location of the greater trochanter?
Which of the following best describes the location of the greater trochanter?
The olecranon process is a feature of which bone?
The olecranon process is a feature of which bone?
Which bone does the acromion process belong to?
Which bone does the acromion process belong to?
Which of the following is a structure associated with synovial joints?
Which of the following is a structure associated with synovial joints?
Flashcards
Epiphysis
Epiphysis
The end part of a long bone, typically larger.
Articular cartilage
Articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a joint.
Red bone marrow
Red bone marrow
Tissue responsible for blood cell production.
Epiphyseal line
Epiphyseal line
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Diaphysis
Diaphysis
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Periosteum
Periosteum
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Compact bone
Compact bone
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Medullary cavity
Medullary cavity
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Study Notes
Parts of a Long Bone
- Epiphysis: The end of a long bone
- Articular cartilage: Covers the epiphysis, reducing friction at joints. It's hyaline cartilage
- Red bone marrow: Located inside the spongy bone of the epiphysis, forming blood cells.
- Epiphyseal line: Marks the site of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) in adults
- Spongy bone: Porous bone inside the epiphysis, filled with red bone marrow.
- Diaphysis: Shaft of the long bone
- Metaphysis: Region between epiphysis and diaphysis. This connects the epiphysis to the diaphysis
- Periosteum: Tough outer covering of the bone
- Endosteum: Inner lining of the bone, covering the medullary cavity
- Medullary cavity: Hollow space inside the diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow
- Yellow bone marrow: Fatty tissue within the medullary cavity
- Compact bone: Dense, hard bone tissue that forms the outer layer of the diaphysis
Skeletal Landmarks
- Iliac crest: Upper edge of the ilium (hip bone)
- Lateral malleolus: Bony projection on the lateral side of the ankle
- Greater trochanter: Large projection on the femur (thigh bone), important for muscle attachment.
- Occipital bone: forms the back of the skull
- Olecranon process: Bony projection on the ulna, forming part of the elbow
- Calcaneus: Heel bone
- Patella: Knee cap
- Inferior angle of scapula: Pointed lower part of the scapula (shoulder blade)
- Mastoid process: Bony projection behind the ear on the temporal bone
- Acromion process: Part of the scapula, connecting to the clavicle
- Mandible: Jawbone
- Tibial tuberosity: Roughened area on the tibia, for patellar ligament attachment
- Head of radius: Proximal end of the radius bone
- Anterior superior iliac spine: Prominent point on the ilium (hip bone)
- Ischial tuberosity: Bony prominence of the ischium (part of the hip bone), supporting weight during sitting
- Glenoid fossa: Shallow depression on the scapula, where the humerus (upper arm bone) fits
- Spinous process: Needle-like projections on vertebrate
- Lateral humeral epicondyle: Projection on the outside of the upper arm bone (humerus), above the lateral condyle
- Xiphoid process: Small, cartilaginous extension at the bottom of the sternum
- Crest of tibia: Edge of tibia
Synovial Joint
- Anterior cruciate ligament: Crucial ligament in the knee joint
- Articular cartilage: Covers the bones where they meet in a synovial joint
- Bursa: Fluid-filled sac at the joint, reducing friction
- Fat pad: Cushioning tissue in a synovial joint
- Fibrous joint capsule: Connective tissue capsule around the joint
- Menisci: Cartilaginous discs inside certain joints (like the knee), improving stability and cushioning
- Patella: Knee cap, plays a role in joint movement
- Patellar ligament: Connects patella to tibia, important for knee joint stability
- Synovial fluid: Viscous fluid within the joint, lubricating the cartilage
- Synovial membrane: Lines the joint capsule, secreting synovial fluid
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