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Questions and Answers
How many bones are in the average adult skeleton?
The skeletal system only helps in supporting the body.
False
What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?
Axial and appendicular
Which bones make up the axial skeleton?
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How many cranial bones are in the human skull?
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Match the bones of the skull with their descriptions.
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What is the function of the maxilla?
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What is the zygomatic bone commonly known as?
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What do palatine bones separate?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System
- The skeletal system is responsible for many vital functions, including organ protection storage of minerals, support and movement of the body, and the production of all blood cells.
- The adult human skeleton comprises 206 bones on average.
- Anatomists use several common terms to describe the features of bones, such as foramen, canal, fossa, tubercle, process, and condyle.
- Bones are divided into two parts, the axial and appendicular skeletons.
Axial Skeleton
- The axial skeleton is composed of skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
- The skull consists of 22 bones divided into the neurocranium (braincase) and viscerocranium (facial bones).
- The neurocranium consists of 8 bones that surround and protect the brain: frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.
- The viscerocranium consists of 14 facial bones, all paired except the mandible and vomer.
Neurocranium
- The frontal bone: makes up the forehead, forms the upper part of the eye sockets.
- The parietal bones: are paired flat bones located on either side of the head, behind the frontal bone.
- The temporal bones: are irregular bones located under each of the parietal bones.
- The occipital bone: is a flat bone at the back of the skull; it contains the foramen magnum, an opening connecting the spinal cord to the brain.
- The sphenoid bone: is an irregular bone situated below the frontal bone.
- The ethmoid bone: is an irregular bone positioned in front of the sphenoid bone, forming part of the nasal cavity.
Viscerocranium
- The maxilla is the jawbone, forms the upper jaw and articulates with the temporal bone. It contains the superior teeth.
- The zygomatic bone is the cheekbone, located anterior to the sphenoid bone. The zygomatic arch is formed by joined processes of the temporal and zygomatic bones, creating a bridge across the side of the face. It serves as a major attachment site for muscles that move the mandible.
- The palatine bones form the roof of the oral cavity, separating the nasal cavity from the mouth. The palatine bones enable chewing and breathing simultaneously, and are made up of:
- The hard palate: forms the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity.
- The soft palate: comprises connective tissue and muscles.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the skeletal system, including its functions, structure, and classification of bones. This quiz covers both the axial and appendicular skeleton, with a focus on the neurocranium and facial bones. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.
