Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which function of the skeletal system is most directly related to enabling movement?
Which function of the skeletal system is most directly related to enabling movement?
- Formation of red blood cells within the bone marrow.
- Providing a system of levers upon which muscles can act. (correct)
- Storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphate.
- Protection of major organs like the heart and lungs.
Why is cancellous bone better suited for shock absorption than compact bone?
Why is cancellous bone better suited for shock absorption than compact bone?
- Cancellous bone contains a higher proportion of mineral content.
- Cancellous bone is composed of a dense network of osteons.
- Cancellous bone features a spongy structure with trabeculae that can deform and redistribute forces. (correct)
- Cancellous bone is primarily located in the diaphysis of long bones.
What feature distinguishes long bones from short bones?
What feature distinguishes long bones from short bones?
- Long bones have a diaphysis that is longer than its width. (correct)
- Long bones are primarily composed of cancellous bone.
- Long bones facilitate weight-bearing from multiple directions.
- Long bones are shaped like a cube.
In bone classification, what primary characteristic defines irregular bones?
In bone classification, what primary characteristic defines irregular bones?
Which set of bones primarily constitutes the axial skeleton?
Which set of bones primarily constitutes the axial skeleton?
Which is a key role of the facial bones in the axial skeleton?
Which is a key role of the facial bones in the axial skeleton?
What is the primary function of the vertebral column?
What is the primary function of the vertebral column?
Which components constitute the rib cage?
Which components constitute the rib cage?
Which region is not a component of the appendicular skeleton?
Which region is not a component of the appendicular skeleton?
In the appendicular skeleton, what structural pattern is observed in the limbs?
In the appendicular skeleton, what structural pattern is observed in the limbs?
Why do humans need stability and movement in their skeletal system?
Why do humans need stability and movement in their skeletal system?
How does the structure of the human hand reflect its functions?
How does the structure of the human hand reflect its functions?
What structural difference distinguishes the humerus from the femur?
What structural difference distinguishes the humerus from the femur?
In comparing the forearm and lower leg, what functional difference do their bone structures support?
In comparing the forearm and lower leg, what functional difference do their bone structures support?
What property of the ankle joint contributes to the stability of legs?
What property of the ankle joint contributes to the stability of legs?
What is the key difference between the number of phalanges in the thumb versus the other fingers?
What is the key difference between the number of phalanges in the thumb versus the other fingers?
How do the bones of the foot contribute to locomotion and balance?
How do the bones of the foot contribute to locomotion and balance?
What is the fundamental role of the pectoral girdle in the skeletal system?
What is the fundamental role of the pectoral girdle in the skeletal system?
How do the clavicle and scapula contribute differently to the function of the pectoral girdle?
How do the clavicle and scapula contribute differently to the function of the pectoral girdle?
What is the main function of the pelvic girdle?
What is the main function of the pelvic girdle?
Which bones form the pelvic girdle?
Which bones form the pelvic girdle?
Which of the following is a feature of the biologically female pelvis that facilitates childbirth?
Which of the following is a feature of the biologically female pelvis that facilitates childbirth?
What is the functional significance of the differences in pelvic structure between biological males and females?
What is the functional significance of the differences in pelvic structure between biological males and females?
Considering the skeletal system's functions, which activity relies most on the skeletal system's role in mineral storage?
Considering the skeletal system's functions, which activity relies most on the skeletal system's role in mineral storage?
What is the functional trade-off between stability and mobility in the pectoral girdle?
What is the functional trade-off between stability and mobility in the pectoral girdle?
Why is it important for long bones to have thicker compact bone in the diaphysis?
Why is it important for long bones to have thicker compact bone in the diaphysis?
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'form follows function' in the context of bone structure?
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'form follows function' in the context of bone structure?
How does the arrangement of bones in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals) contribute to their respective functions?
How does the arrangement of bones in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals) contribute to their respective functions?
What type of movement is primarily facilitated by the radius and ulna bones in the forearm?
What type of movement is primarily facilitated by the radius and ulna bones in the forearm?
How does the structure of the tibial plateau contribute to lower limb stability?
How does the structure of the tibial plateau contribute to lower limb stability?
Considering the functional differences between the upper and lower limbs, what adaptation is most evident in the hand that is absent in the foot?
Considering the functional differences between the upper and lower limbs, what adaptation is most evident in the hand that is absent in the foot?
What distinguishes the pelvic girdle's connection to the axial skeleton from the pectoral girdle's connection?
What distinguishes the pelvic girdle's connection to the axial skeleton from the pectoral girdle's connection?
Among the key objectives related to the human skeleton structure, which one focuses on understanding how bone shape relates to its function?
Among the key objectives related to the human skeleton structure, which one focuses on understanding how bone shape relates to its function?
Which of the following bones would likely contain the most compact bone relative to cancellous (trabecular) bone?
Which of the following bones would likely contain the most compact bone relative to cancellous (trabecular) bone?
A forensic anthropologist is examining a set of pelvic bones. What characteristics would they use to determine if the bones likely belong to a biological female?
A forensic anthropologist is examining a set of pelvic bones. What characteristics would they use to determine if the bones likely belong to a biological female?
Which bone class primarily functions in providing broad surfaces for muscle attachment?
Which bone class primarily functions in providing broad surfaces for muscle attachment?
When comparing human skeletons to quadrupedal apes, what major adaptation is apparent in human limbs?
When comparing human skeletons to quadrupedal apes, what major adaptation is apparent in human limbs?
Which of the following joints provides the greatest range of motion?
Which of the following joints provides the greatest range of motion?
What adaptation is likely to be found in a bone that functions primarily for weight-bearing?
What adaptation is likely to be found in a bone that functions primarily for weight-bearing?
Flashcards
Functions of the skeleton?
Functions of the skeleton?
The skeletal system supports the body, allows movement, protects major organs, stores minerals, and produces red blood cells in marrow.
Compact Bone
Compact Bone
Strong bone tissue that transmits force in one direction.
Cancellous Bone
Cancellous Bone
Light, spongy bone tissue that absorbs shock and resists forces from multiple directions.
Long Bones
Long Bones
Signup and view all the flashcards
Short Bones
Short Bones
Signup and view all the flashcards
Flat Bones
Flat Bones
Signup and view all the flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Signup and view all the flashcards
Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cranium (vault)
Cranium (vault)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Facial bones
Facial bones
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vertebral column
Vertebral column
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rib cage (thoracic cage)
Rib cage (thoracic cage)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Limb Regions
Limb Regions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Single proximal long bone
Single proximal long bone
Signup and view all the flashcards
Two distal long bones
Two distal long bones
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bones of the Hand
Bones of the Hand
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bones of the Foot
Bones of the Foot
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pelvic girdle
Pelvic girdle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Clavicle
Clavicle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Scapula
Scapula
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pelvic girdle
Pelvic girdle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Differences between male and female pelvic anatomy?
Differences between male and female pelvic anatomy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- HUBS191 covers the structure of the skeleton in the Human Body Systems
- The objectives are to describe the skeletal system functions, bone structure, bone classes, and major bones, including sexually dimorphic ones.
Functions of the Skeleton
- Provides support for the body
- Facilitates movement as bones act as levers
- Offers protection to major organs
- Stores minerals
- In bone marrow it produces red blood cells
Structure of Bones
- Two types of bone tissue exist but they share the same material composition, arranged with different structure
- Compact bone is strong and transmits force efficiently in one direction
- Cancellous (trabecular) bone is light, spongy, shock-absorbing, and channels forces from multiple directions
Bone Classes
- There are four classes of bones
- Long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones
Long Bones
- They are longer than they are wide
- Long bones consist of wider epiphyses and a longer, narrower diaphysis
- Act as levers for movement
- They have thicker compact bone in the diaphysis
- Most are limb bones
Short Bones
- They are close to equal in width and length
- Short bones are mostly cancellous bone
- They aid with weight bearing from multiple directions
- Examples are carpals and tarsals
Flat Bones
- Their main function is for muscle attachment, for example the scapula
- They also give protection, for example the skull and sternum
- They are thin plates of compact bone, and also some cancellous bone
Irregular Bones
- Irregular bones does not fit into any other bone categories
- They can be described as generally irregular in shape
- They have various shapes and functions
- Irregular bone is not long, not round/square shaped, not just cancellous bone, and not flat
- Often have foramina (holes)
Divisions of the Skeleton
- Axial skeleton: Bones of the core, skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum, coccyx
- Protection of vital organs
- Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the limbs and are most important for movement
Axial Skeleton - Skull
- Cranium (vault) encloses the brain and has muscle attachments
- Facial bones protect and support sensory organs
- Bones join at sutures (immovable)
Axial Skeleton - Vertebral Column
- Keeps the trunk upright
- Lots of muscle/ligament attachments
- They support the head
- There are multiple divisions within the vertebral column, which are: -Cervical (7 vertebrae) -Thoracic (12 vertebrae) -Lumbar (5 vertebrae) -Sacrum and coccyx
Axial Skeleton - Rib Cage
- Thoracic cage
- Ribs
- Sternum
Appendicular Skeleton
- Limbs: arm, forearm, thigh, and leg
Limb structure
- Single proximal long bone: humerus/femur
- Two distal long bones: Ulna and radius/ Tibia and Fibula -Ulna and radius are more mobile
- Hands and feet: Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, tarsals, metatarsals
Why the Human Skeleton Shape
- Bipedalism (walking on 2 limbs) in humans vs. Quadrapedalism (walking on 4 limbs) in other apes
- Lower human limbs provide stability and movement
- Hands are not involved in locomotion hence a lack of stability but are adapted for manipulation of environment/precision tasks.
- Humerus is shorter and lighter than the femur
- Deeper articulation for proximal femur than proximal humerus
- Stability is a key factor for movement
- Forearms and wrists mobile because of pronation and supination of the radius and ulna, also shape of distal articulation for wrist mobility
- Legs are stable, allow no pronation/supination. In addition, the ankle joint is stable and the tibia is very robust (weight-bearing)
Hands
- Contain 8 Carpal bones
- Contain 5 Metacarpal bones
- There are 14 Phalanges, only 2 in the thumb
Feet
- Contain 7 Tarsal bones
- Contain 5 Metatarsal bones
- Contain 14 Phalange bones
How Limbs Attach to Axial Skeleton
- Pectoral (shoulder) girdle: clavicle and scapula
- Pelvic girdle: hip bones (2) and sacrum (axial)
Pectoral Girdle
- The Clavicle is stablisizing
- The Scapula is free-moving and provides muscle attachments
Pelvic Girdle
- Two Hip bones called Os coxae
- Features the Sacrum, as part of the axial skeleton
- Pelvic bones + sacrum = pelvis, allows for lots of weight bearing
Pelvis
- Features the Sacrum, Coccyx, Hip Bone, Ilium, Pubis, Ischium
Differences Between Biological Male and Female Pelvic Anatomy
- This is influenced by childbirth
- Biological females pelvic cavity is more circular
- The pelvic outlet is more open in biological females
- The Subpubic angle is also different
- The shape of pelvic cavity differs
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
