16 Questions
Which of the following is NOT one of the 7 structural levels of the body?
Molecule
What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?
Supports the central axis of the body
What is the main function of the skeletal system?
To support the body and assist in movement
Which type of cell forms new bones?
Osteoblasts
What is the function of cartilage?
To protect joints and bones
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
A tendon connects muscle to bone, while a ligament connects bone to bone
What is the main difference between voluntary and involuntary movements?
Voluntary movements require thought, while involuntary movements are automatic
What is the function of myosin and actin in muscle contractions?
Myosin are thick filaments that pull actin to the middle, and Actin is the thin filament
What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?
To pump blood throughout the entire body
What is the function of the Digestive System?
To break down food into smaller molecules for absorption
What is the function of the pancreas in the Digestive System?
To produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels
What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
What is the function of the large intestine?
To prepare waste for elimination
What is the function of the liver in the Digestive System?
To produce bile for fat digestion
What is the function of the esophagus in the Digestive System?
To transport food from the mouth to the stomach
What is the function of saliva in the mouth?
To moisturize and moisten food
Study Notes
Structural Levels of the Body
- 7 structural levels: Chemical, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism
Skeletal System
- Function: support the body, protect internal organs, assist movement, store minerals and blood cell formation
- Bones: solid network of living cells and proteins surrounded by deposits of calcium salts
- Bone components: articular cartilage, spongy bone, medullary cavity, bone marrow, haversian canal, epiphysis, periosteum
- Osteoblasts form new bones, osteoclasts dissolve bones
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
- Axial skeleton: supports the central axis of the body
- Appendicular skeleton: supports axis, legs, pelvis, and shoulders
Bone Ossification
- Process of turning cartilage into bones
- Important for the growth of people
Cartilage and Joints
- Cartilage: strong, flexible, connective tissue that protects your joints and bones
- Joints: where two bones meet
- Types of joints: immovable (skull), slightly movable (spine), freely movable (hands)
Muscles
- Three types of muscles: Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
- Functions: voluntary movements (controlled by thought), involuntary movements (not controlled by thought)
Muscle Contraction
- Myosin: thick filaments that pull actin to the middle
- Actin: thin filament located on the outer muscle
Tendons and Ligaments
- Tendon: connects muscle to bone
- Ligament: connects bone to bone
Circulatory System
- Function: involves the heart and its functions
- Structures: heart, blood vessels, and blood
- Heart's function: muscular organ that contracts at intervals, freeing blood through the circulatory system
- Blood oxygenation: right side pumps blood from body to lungs, left side pumps blood from lungs to body
- Aorta: pumps blood from heart to body
- Vena Cava: brings blood from body to heart
- Arteries: bring blood from heart to body
- Capillaries: network of very small blood vessels
- Veins: bring blood from body to heart
- Blood function: transports nutrients, gases, enzymes, hormones, waste, regulates temp, pH, electrolytes
- Blood components: red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma
Digestive System
- Function: breaks down food into smaller molecules so that the body can use it
- 4 phases of Digestion:
- Ingestion: eating
- Digestion: breaking down food
- Absorption: absorbing molecules into cells
- Elimination: removing waste
- Mechanical digestion: physical (chewing)
- Chemical digestion: enzymes breaking down food
- Saliva: helps moisten and dissolve food, contains enzyme amylase
- Esophagus: located from mouth to stomach, moves food down the tube
- Villi: finger-like projections, absorb nutrients
- Pancreas: produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels
- Liver: produces bile, a fluid with lipids and salts
- Large intestine: absorption of nutrients, prepares waste for elimination
Test your knowledge of the structural levels of the body, differences between axial and appendicular skeletons, and functions of the skeletal system.
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