Human Body Structure and Skeletal System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 7 structural levels of the body?

  • Organ system
  • Cell
  • Tissue
  • Molecule (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

  • Supports the legs, pelvis, and shoulders
  • Assists in movement
  • Supports the central axis of the body (correct)
  • Protects the internal organs

    • What is the main function of the skeletal system?

  • To assist in movement
  • To protect internal organs
  • To store minerals and form blood cells
  • To support the body and assist in movement (correct)

    • Which type of cell forms new bones?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cartilage?

    <p>To protect joints and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

    <p>A tendon connects muscle to bone, while a ligament connects bone to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between voluntary and involuntary movements?

    <p>Voluntary movements require thought, while involuntary movements are automatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myosin and actin in muscle contractions?

    <p>Myosin are thick filaments that pull actin to the middle, and Actin is the thin filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>To pump blood throughout the entire body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Digestive System?

    <p>To break down food into smaller molecules for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pancreas in the Digestive System?

    <p>To produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the large intestine?

    <p>To prepare waste for elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the liver in the Digestive System?

    <p>To produce bile for fat digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the esophagus in the Digestive System?

    <p>To transport food from the mouth to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of saliva in the mouth?

    <p>To moisturize and moisten food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Structural Levels of the Body

    • 7 structural levels: Chemical, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism

    Skeletal System

    • Function: support the body, protect internal organs, assist movement, store minerals and blood cell formation
    • Bones: solid network of living cells and proteins surrounded by deposits of calcium salts
    • Bone components: articular cartilage, spongy bone, medullary cavity, bone marrow, haversian canal, epiphysis, periosteum
    • Osteoblasts form new bones, osteoclasts dissolve bones

    Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

    • Axial skeleton: supports the central axis of the body
    • Appendicular skeleton: supports axis, legs, pelvis, and shoulders

    Bone Ossification

    • Process of turning cartilage into bones
    • Important for the growth of people

    Cartilage and Joints

    • Cartilage: strong, flexible, connective tissue that protects your joints and bones
    • Joints: where two bones meet
    • Types of joints: immovable (skull), slightly movable (spine), freely movable (hands)

    Muscles

    • Three types of muscles: Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
    • Functions: voluntary movements (controlled by thought), involuntary movements (not controlled by thought)

    Muscle Contraction

    • Myosin: thick filaments that pull actin to the middle
    • Actin: thin filament located on the outer muscle

    Tendons and Ligaments

    • Tendon: connects muscle to bone
    • Ligament: connects bone to bone

    Circulatory System

    • Function: involves the heart and its functions
    • Structures: heart, blood vessels, and blood
    • Heart's function: muscular organ that contracts at intervals, freeing blood through the circulatory system
    • Blood oxygenation: right side pumps blood from body to lungs, left side pumps blood from lungs to body
    • Aorta: pumps blood from heart to body
    • Vena Cava: brings blood from body to heart
    • Arteries: bring blood from heart to body
    • Capillaries: network of very small blood vessels
    • Veins: bring blood from body to heart
    • Blood function: transports nutrients, gases, enzymes, hormones, waste, regulates temp, pH, electrolytes
    • Blood components: red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma

    Digestive System

    • Function: breaks down food into smaller molecules so that the body can use it
    • 4 phases of Digestion:
      • Ingestion: eating
      • Digestion: breaking down food
      • Absorption: absorbing molecules into cells
      • Elimination: removing waste
    • Mechanical digestion: physical (chewing)
    • Chemical digestion: enzymes breaking down food
    • Saliva: helps moisten and dissolve food, contains enzyme amylase
    • Esophagus: located from mouth to stomach, moves food down the tube
    • Villi: finger-like projections, absorb nutrients
    • Pancreas: produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels
    • Liver: produces bile, a fluid with lipids and salts
    • Large intestine: absorption of nutrients, prepares waste for elimination

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the structural levels of the body, differences between axial and appendicular skeletons, and functions of the skeletal system.

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