Skeletal System Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

To provide a cushioning effect (correct)

To nourish the cartilage

To facilitate blood circulation

To enhance the strength of bones

Which type of arthritis is characterized by the buildup of excess fluid in the synovial cavity?

Rheumatoid arthritis (correct)

Gouty arthritis

Osteoarthritis

Ankylosing spondylitis

What happens to the cartilage in osteoarthritis?

It becomes worn out and less strong (correct)

It produces additional synovial fluid

It regenerates rapidly

It becomes overly strong

How does rheumatoid arthritis differ from osteoarthritis in terms of its occurrence?

It can occur at any age Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature allows for a wide range of movements in synovial joints?

Synovial cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about synovial joints?

They provide a smooth surface for movement. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of the skeletal system?

Axial and Appendicular Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the skeletal system involves protecting internal organs?

Protection Signup and view all the answers

What role do osteocytes play in bone tissue?

They are embedded in the bone matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is secreted when there is extra calcium in the blood?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bone tissue provides flexibility?

Collagen Signup and view all the answers

What does yellow bone marrow primarily store?

Fat Signup and view all the answers

What happens when parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted?

Calcium is released into the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the skeletal system contributes to movement?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What disease is characterized by weak bones due to low calcium levels?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?

Provide support and flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue connects two or more bones together?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints allows very little or no movement?

Sutures Signup and view all the answers

What connects bones to muscles?

Tendons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint provides flexibility and allows movement?

Slightly movable joints Signup and view all the answers

What gives ligaments their strength and flexibility?

Collagen and elastin Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the skeletal system is primarily involved in the storage of calcium?

Bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Structure and Functions of the Skeletal System

Composed of 206 bones, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, forming the body’s framework.
Divided into two types: axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).
Provides protection for internal organs (e.g., rib cage protects heart and lungs).
Offers structure, support, and shape to the body.
Facilitates movement through the interaction between muscles and bones.
Produces blood cells in red bone marrow; yellow bone marrow stores fat.
Acts as a storage site for excess minerals and fat.

Bone Tissue

Bone is a connective tissue featuring osteocytes embedded in a hard matrix.
The matrix consists of calcium salts for strength and collagen for flexibility.

Calcium Storage and Homeostasis

Calcitonin: Hormone produced in the thyroid gland, reduces blood calcium levels by depositing calcium into bone.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Secreted by the parathyroid gland, increases blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones.

Osteoporosis: A bone disease characterized by low calcium levels leading to weak, brittle bones, common in older age.

Accessory Structures of the Skeletal System

Cartilage: Connective tissue offering support, more flexible than bone, found in joints, nose, and ears.
Ligaments: Fibrous connective tissues connecting two or more bones, made of collagen and elastin, ensuring stability and support.
Tendons: Connect muscles to bones, allowing movement; similar composition to ligaments.
Joints: Points where two or more bones connect; provide flexibility and enable movement.

Types and Diseases of Joints

Sutures: Immovable joints primarily found in the skull.
Slightly Moveable Joints: Allow slight movement; an example is the joints between vertebrae.
Synovial Joints: Most common type, allowing wide ranges of movement; characterized by a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid for cushioning and smooth movement.

Diseases of the Joints

Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease where cartilage wears down, causing painful movement.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disorder characterized by excess fluid in the synovial cavity, leading to tissue destruction and inflammation; can affect individuals of any age without a cure.

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Description

Explore the essential components and functions of the skeletal system in this quiz. Learn about bone types, calcium storage, and diseases related to skeletal health. Test your knowledge on joints and their diseases to enhance your understanding of human anatomy.