Skeletal System Overview

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Questions and Answers

The skeletal system contains 206 separate bones.

True (A)

The skeletal system is made up of more than 210 bones.

False (B)

All bones in the skeletal system are connected to each other.

False (B)

The skeletal system provides structure to the body.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bones in the skeletal system are flexible.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The axial skeleton contains 82 bones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The skull is composed of 22 bones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thoracic cage includes 24 ribs and the sternum.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The axial skeleton does not include any associated bones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are 7 auditory ossicles in the axial skeleton.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral column consists of 26 bones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The appendicular skeleton includes bones of the skull.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bones of the pectoral girdle help attach limbs to the trunk.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are more bones in the appendicular skeleton than in the vertebral column.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pelvic girdle is part of the axial skeleton.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each lower limb has 31 bones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The axial division of the skeleton does not support or protect any organ systems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The axial division includes the brain and spinal cavities.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ventral body cavities are not included in the function of the axial division.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The axial division creates a framework for the upper limbs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each lower limb contains a femur, tibia, and fibula.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are 5 tarsal bones in each lower limb.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lower limb includes 14 phalanges.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The patella is considered a tarsal bone.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each lower limb has 5 metatarsal bones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mandible forms the upper jaw.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The upper limbs consist of the pectoral girdle and limb bones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clavicle and scapula are part of the limb bones in the upper limbs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each upper limb contains the humerus, radius, and ulnae.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The appendicular division consists only of the lower limbs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Number of bones in the skeletal system

The human skeletal system is composed of 206 individual bones.

Skeletal system

The body's framework of bones which provides support and structure.

Separate bones

Individual bones making up the skeletal system.

206 bones

The exact number of bones in the adult human skeleton.

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Human skeleton

The complete framework of bones in the human body.

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Axial skeleton bones

The bones forming the central, longitudinal axis of the body.

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Skull bones

22 bones of the skull plus 7 associated bones (ossicles, hyoid).

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Auditory ossicles

Ear bones, part of the skull.

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Thoracic cage bones

Ribs and sternum.

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Rib count

24 ribs in the thoracic cage.

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Vertebral column

The central axis of the skeleton, made up of 26 bones, also called the spine.

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Appendicular skeleton

Includes bones of limbs and the girdles connecting them to the trunk (chest and pelvis).

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Pectoral girdle

The bony structure that attaches the upper limbs to the trunk, composed of the clavicle and scapula.

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Pelvic girdle

The bony structure that attaches the lower limbs to the trunk, composed of the hip bones.

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Limbs

The arms and legs, which are part of the appendicular skeleton.

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Lower limb bones

The bones in each leg, including the thigh, leg, and foot, totaling 31 bones.

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Axial skeleton function

The axial skeleton provides support for the head, spine, and chest, protecting vital organs.

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Brain protection

The skull protects the brain, a vital organ.

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Spinal cord protection

The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, which carries nerve signals.

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Ventral body cavities

The rib cage protects organs in the chest and abdomen.

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Femur

The longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh.

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Tibia and Fibula

Two bones located in the lower leg, with the tibia being the larger and stronger.

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Tarsal bones

Seven bones that make up the ankle and heel, forming a foundation for the foot.

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Metatarsal bones

Five long bones forming the instep of the foot, connecting the tarsal bones to the toes.

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Mandible

The bone that forms the lower jaw, allowing for chewing and speaking.

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Appendicular Division

This part of the skeletal system includes the bones of the limbs (arms and legs) and the girdles that connect them to the trunk.

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Limb Bones in Each Limb

Each limb (arm or leg) contains a set of bones that work together to provide structure and movement.

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Study Notes

Skeletal System

  • Contains 206 bones
  • Includes bones, cartilages, joints, ligaments, and connective tissues
  • Has five primary functions: support, storage (calcium, phosphate, energy), blood cell production, and protection
  • Bones are supporting connective tissue with specialized cells and a matrix of extracellular protein fibers and ground substance
  • Bones have four general shapes: long (femur), short (ankle), flat (frontal), irregular (vertebra), sesamoid (patella)
  • Bone structure types: compact (solid) and spongy (cancellous)
  • Bone cells include osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts

Bone Growth and Maintenance

  • Requires calcium and phosphate absorption and transport
  • Needs vitamins D, A, C
  • Hormones are involved, including growth hormone, thyroid hormone, sex hormones, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin
  • Bone fractures heal in 4 stages if the periosteum and endosteum are intact:
    • Fracture hematoma formation
    • Internal and external callus formation
    • Osteoblasts replace cartilage with spongy bone
    • Spongy bone remodeling (can take 4 months to a year)

Skeletal Divisions

  • Divided into axial and appendicular
  • Axial skeleton (80 bones) forms the body's longitudinal axis
    • Skull (22 + 7 associated bones)
    • Thoracic cage (24 ribs and sternum)
    • Vertebral column (26 bones)
  • Appendicular skeleton (126 bones) includes bones of the limbs and girdles
    • Upper limbs: pectoral girdle + limb bones (humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpal, 5 metacarpal, 14 phalanges)
    • Lower limbs: pelvic girdle + limb bones (femur, tibia, fibula, 7 tarsal, 5 metatarsal, 14 phalanges)

Skull

  • Composed of 22 bones: 8 cranial and 14 facial
  • Cranial bones (8): frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital
  • Cranial bones are connected by immovable sutures
  • Facial bones (14) form the face

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