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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mineral that contributes to the hardness of bone?
What is the primary mineral that contributes to the hardness of bone?
Which of the following correctly describes spongy bone?
Which of the following correctly describes spongy bone?
What type of bone development occurs primarily during the formation of flat bones of the skull?
What type of bone development occurs primarily during the formation of flat bones of the skull?
Which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone?
Which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone?
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Which of the following classifications describes the shape of the hyoid bone?
Which of the following classifications describes the shape of the hyoid bone?
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What is the main function of the intervertebral discs?
What is the main function of the intervertebral discs?
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Which type of rib is characterized as floating ribs?
Which type of rib is characterized as floating ribs?
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What is a characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae known as the atlas?
What is a characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae known as the atlas?
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Which type of joint is characterized by bones connected by fibrous tissue and is generally immoveable?
Which type of joint is characterized by bones connected by fibrous tissue and is generally immoveable?
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What type of movement occurs in a ball and socket joint?
What type of movement occurs in a ball and socket joint?
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Which muscle tissue type is characterized by voluntary control and striated appearance?
Which muscle tissue type is characterized by voluntary control and striated appearance?
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What is the role of ATP in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle?
What is the role of ATP in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle?
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Which component of the sarcomere contracts during muscle contraction?
Which component of the sarcomere contracts during muscle contraction?
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What defines the origin of a muscle in anatomical terms?
What defines the origin of a muscle in anatomical terms?
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Which skeletal muscle fiber type is known for having the fastest contraction speed?
Which skeletal muscle fiber type is known for having the fastest contraction speed?
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In the context of joint classifications, what is the primary function of a diarthrosis joint?
In the context of joint classifications, what is the primary function of a diarthrosis joint?
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Study Notes
Chapter 6: Skeletal System
- Know the major functions of the skeletal system
- Know the minerals and fibers that form bone (hardness/flexibility)
- Know the general structure of a long bone
- Know the types of cells found in bone and their functions
- Understand the differences between compact and spongy bone and their functions
- Understand bone development, growth, and remodeling (intramembranous and endochondral ossification, appositional and interstitial growth, bone resorption, deposition)
- Know the difference between appositional and interstitial growth, where and when it occurs, and the tissue types involved
- Understand how minerals, vitamins, and hormones affect bone growth
- Understand how bones maintain calcium homeostasis, including the hormones involved and the role of bone cells (blasts/clasts)
Chapter 7/8: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
- Differentiate between axial and appendicular skeleton, and know the bones in each
- Know the functions of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and the bones that compose them
- Know how bones can be classified by shape
- Define and explain bone markings (projections and depressions)
- Know the cranial bones, sutures, and associated markings
- Know the facial bones, their features, and associated markings (mandible is only movable facial bone)
- Know the hyoid bone's unique characteristics
- Know the different types of vertebral bones, and their structural differences
- Understand the role of atlas and axis vertebrae in skull movement
- Understand the classification of ribs by their articulation with the sternum
- Know the bones of the upper and lower extremities and their articulations
- Know the bones that fuse to form the pelvic (coxal) bones
- Know the important features of the listed bones for the exam
Chapter 9: Joints
- Define joint classifications by structure (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) and function (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis)
- Know specific examples of each type of joint
- Define the types of movement (angular, rotational, special) of synovial joints, and know specific examples
- Know the types of synovial joints and examples (pivot, hinge, condyloid, ball and socket)
- Understand the structure and function of synovial joints and synovial fluid
Chapter 10: Muscular Tissue
- Know the difference in structure, location, and control of the three types of muscular tissue
- Know the anatomy of skeletal muscle tissue, including connective tissue layers and parts of a skeletal muscle cell (sarcoplasma)
- Know the components and organization of a sarcomere
- Know the steps of the contraction cycle and why ATP is required
- Understand the connection between an action potential and the contraction cycle
Chapter 11: Muscles
- Define origin and insertion of muscles, and how these attachments move bones
- Understand the relationship between prime mover (agonist) and antagonist muscles
- Know how muscles are classified by their characteristics (e.g., deltoid is triangular)
- Know specific examples of each muscle type/shape
- Know the parts of the neuromuscular junction and events at the NMJ to create an action potential
- Know how skeletal muscle makes ATP using different methods (fastest/longest lasting)
- Know the differences between the three types of skeletal muscle fibers
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Description
Test your knowledge on the major functions and structure of the skeletal system. This quiz covers important concepts including bone types, development, and growth, as well as the differentiation between axial and appendicular skeletons. Prepare to explore the complex workings of bones and their vital roles in the human body.
