Skeletal System Chapters 6-8 Quiz

Chapter 6: Skeletal System

• Know the major functions of the skeletal system
• Know the minerals and fibers that form bone (hardness/flexibility)
• Know the general structure of a long bone
• Know the types of cells found in bone and their functions
• Understand the differences between compact and spongy bone and their functions
• Understand bone development, growth, and remodeling (intramembranous and endochondral ossification, appositional and interstitial growth, bone resorption, deposition)
• Know the difference between appositional and interstitial growth, where and when it occurs, and the tissue types involved
• Understand how minerals, vitamins, and hormones affect bone growth
• Understand how bones maintain calcium homeostasis, including the hormones involved and the role of bone cells (blasts/clasts)

Chapter 7/8: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

• Differentiate between axial and appendicular skeleton, and know the bones in each
• Know the functions of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and the bones that compose them
• Know how bones can be classified by shape
• Define and explain bone markings (projections and depressions)
• Know the cranial bones, sutures, and associated markings
• Know the facial bones, their features, and associated markings (mandible is only movable facial bone)
• Know the hyoid bone's unique characteristics
• Know the different types of vertebral bones, and their structural differences
• Understand the role of atlas and axis vertebrae in skull movement
• Understand the classification of ribs by their articulation with the sternum
• Know the bones of the upper and lower extremities and their articulations
• Know the bones that fuse to form the pelvic (coxal) bones
• Know the important features of the listed bones for the exam

Chapter 9: Joints

• Define joint classifications by structure (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) and function (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis)
• Know specific examples of each type of joint
• Define the types of movement (angular, rotational, special) of synovial joints, and know specific examples
• Know the types of synovial joints and examples (pivot, hinge, condyloid, ball and socket)
• Understand the structure and function of synovial joints and synovial fluid

Chapter 10: Muscular Tissue

• Know the difference in structure, location, and control of the three types of muscular tissue
• Know the anatomy of skeletal muscle tissue, including connective tissue layers and parts of a skeletal muscle cell (sarcoplasma)
• Know the components and organization of a sarcomere
• Know the steps of the contraction cycle and why ATP is required
• Understand the connection between an action potential and the contraction cycle

Chapter 11: Muscles

• Define origin and insertion of muscles, and how these attachments move bones
• Understand the relationship between prime mover (agonist) and antagonist muscles
• Know how muscles are classified by their characteristics (e.g., deltoid is triangular)
• Know specific examples of each muscle type/shape
• Know the parts of the neuromuscular junction and events at the NMJ to create an action potential
• Know how skeletal muscle makes ATP using different methods (fastest/longest lasting)
• Know the differences between the three types of skeletal muscle fibers