Skeletal System
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Questions and Answers

Which type of bone tissue is responsible for resisting compression and bending forces?

  • Periosteum
  • Spongy bone
  • Endosteum
  • Compact bone (correct)
  • Which bone marrow type is responsible for fat storage in adults?

  • Red bone marrow
  • Medullary bone marrow
  • Yellow bone marrow (correct)
  • Compact bone marrow
  • What is the function of osteoblasts?

  • Bone reabsorption
  • Bone tissue repair
  • Bone development (correct)
  • Bone maintenance
  • What is the composition of the organic portion of bone matrix?

    <p>Osteoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of forming bone tissue called?

    <p>Ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ossification occurs when bone develops between membranes?

    <p>Intramembranous ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

    <p>Bone reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the periosteum?

    <p>Anchoring blood vessels to bone surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone stimulates epiphyseal disk growth?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endosteum?

    <p>Lining of the medullary cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

    <p>Production of hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is characterized by a thin, flattened shape and usually curves?

    <p>Flat bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the articular cartilage located?

    <p>On the outside of the ends of the epiphyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone has a cubed shape and is nearly equal in length and width?

    <p>Short bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a long bone is the shaft region?

    <p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of bones includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax?

    <p>Axial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone develops within the tendons?

    <p>Sesamoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of bones includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as the bones that connect them to the axial skeleton?

    <p>Appendicular skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone has a complex shape that does not fit any of the other types?

    <p>Irregular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone classification is characterized by bones that develop within the joints of the cranium?

    <p>Sutural bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture is characterized by a complete break that does not penetrate through the surface of the skin?

    <p>Simple (closed) fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an incomplete fracture that starts out transverse?

    <p>Greenstick fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the thyroid gland to decrease blood calcium levels?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the parathyroid glands to increase blood calcium levels?

    <p>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the first step in fracture repair, characterized by the formation of a blood clot at the fracture site?

    <p>Fracture hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the second step in fracture repair, characterized by the formation of a soft callus made of fibrocartilage?

    <p>Fibrocartilaginous callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the third step in fracture repair, characterized by the formation of a hard callus made of bone?

    <p>Bony callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fourth and final step in fracture repair, characterized by the remodeling of bone tissue to restore its original shape and strength?

    <p>Bone remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for blood calcium levels above 11mg/100ml blood?

    <p>Hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for blood calcium levels below 9mg/100ml blood?

    <p>Hypocalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The skeletal system functions include the production of blood cells and hormone production.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The axial skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Long bones typically have a middle shaft region with two expanded ends.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Sesamoid bones develop in tendons and include the patella.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Flat bones are thin, flattened bones that are usually curved.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Irregular bones have complex shapes that do not fit any of the other types.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The diaphysis is the expanded end region of a long bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Articular cartilage acts to decrease friction and shock absorption.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The periosteum is a layer of hyaline cartilage on the outside of the ends of the epiphyses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The endosteum is responsible for fat storage in adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fractures that break through the surface of the skin are known as simple fractures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comminuted fractures are characterized by many fracture pieces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A greenstick fracture is a complete fracture that starts out transverse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fracture repair involves four steps: fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, and bone remodeling.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland to decrease blood calcium levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates osteoblast cell activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PTH stimulates calcium absorption from the gut.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood calcium levels are maintained by the opposing effects of calcitonin and PTH.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteoclasts are responsible for increasing blood calcium levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypercalcemia is characterized by blood calcium levels below 9mg/100ml blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Periosteum is a fibrous, vascular bone covering that functions as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments, anchors blood vessels to bone surface, and is involved in bone development and repair?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The medullary cavity contains red bone marrow in adults?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Compact bone is the outer external bone tissue that resists compression and bending forces?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Spongy bone is found underneath the compact bone of the epiphyses and inner bone tissue of the diaphysis, and reduces the weight of the skeleton?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteoprogenitor cells are stem cells found in the periosteum and endosteum that actively divide and can differentiate into osteoblasts?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteocytes are mature bone maintenance cells that maintain calcium homeostasis?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated cells that reabsorb bone matrix and contain a ruffled border surface that releases digesting enzymes into the matrix?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The organic portion of bone matrix is composed of osteoid, which consists of type I collagen fibers and a gel-like ground substance?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Intramembranous ossification is the type of ossification that occurs when bone develops between membranes, such as in the formation of flat bones?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Physical and mechanical stress stimulates osteoblast activity and bone growth?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteoprogenitor cells are stem cells found in periosteum and endosteum, and some daughter cells become osteoblasts while others remain as osteogenic cells?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteocytes are mature bone maintenance cells that maintain calcium homeostasis?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteoclasts are bone-forming cells that release matrix?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Yellow bone marrow is responsible for energy storage in adults?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Compact bone is the inner external bone tissue that resists compression and bending forces?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Spongy bone reduces the weight of the skeleton?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Red bone marrow is responsible for hemopoiesis and is found in the spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Intramembranous ossification occurs when bone develops within hyaline cartilage?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Vitamin D is needed for proper gut calcium absorption?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Growth hormone stimulates epiphyseal disk growth?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The periosteum is a layer of hyaline cartilage on the outside of the ends of the epiphyses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated cells that reabsorb bone matrix and contain a ruffled border surface that releases digesting enzymes into the matrix?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Compact bone is the outer external bone tissue that resists compression and bending forces?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The endosteum is responsible for fat storage in adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Articular cartilage acts to decrease friction and shock absorption.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Sesamoid bones develop in tendons and include the patella.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Irregular bones have complex shapes that do not fit any of the other types.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Long bones typically have a middle shaft region with two expanded ends.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteocytes are mature bone maintenance cells that maintain calcium homeostasis?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Periosteum is a fibrous, vascular bone covering that functions as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments, anchors blood vessels to bone surface, and is involved in bone development and repair?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Hypercalcemia is characterized by blood calcium levels above 11mg/100ml blood?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoblast activity?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates osteoclast cell activity?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Blood calcium levels are maintained by the opposing effects of calcitonin and PTH?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osteoclasts are responsible for decreasing blood calcium levels by stimulating bone demineralization?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fracture repair involves the steps of fracture hematoma, bony callus, fibrocartilaginous callus, and bone remodeling?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Greenstick fractures are characterized by incomplete fractures that start out transverse?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Sesamoid bones develop in tendons and include the patella?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Intramembranous ossification is the type of ossification that occurs when bone develops between membranes?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The periosteum is a fibrous, vascular bone covering that functions as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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