Skeletal System and Muscle Tissue Quiz

Skeletal System and Muscle Tissue

• Cartilage: Described as smooth and slightly elastic; its function is supporting structures and covering the ends of bones.
• Ligaments: Slightly elastic, enabling small movements; connect bone to bone, prevent dislocations, and enhance joint stability.
• Tendons: Inelastic and strong; connect muscle to bone, facilitating muscle-bone interaction for movement.
• Connective Tissue: A significant soft tissue, essential for the skeletal and muscular systems.
• Trapezius: A triangular muscle in the neck and upper back, moving the head and shoulder blade.
• Deltoid: A three-part muscle located on the shoulder, associated with moving the arm.
• Erector Spinae: A large muscle extending down the back, on either side of the spine, associated with movement.
• Triceps Brachii: A muscle located on the back of the upper arm.
• Latissimus Dorsi: A large, roughly triangular muscle that covers the lower back, connecting to the armpits and associated with thigh movements.
• External Oblique: The largest abdominal muscle, situated on the sides and front of the stomach, connecting to the lower ribs and upper hips.
• Gluteus Maximus: The primary buttock muscle, responsible for thigh movement.
• Biceps Femoris: A lateral hamstring muscle in the back of the thigh, contributing to leg flexion.
• Semitendinosus: A superficial, medial hamstring muscle in the thigh.
• Semimembranosus: A deep, medial hamstring muscle in the thigh.
• Gastrocnemius: The main calf muscle flexing the knee and foot, anchored to the Achilles tendon.
• Soleus: A muscle in the lower calf, functioning below the gastrocnemius, that flexes the foot.
• Pectoralis Major: A wide, fan-shaped muscle covering the upper chest.
• Biceps Brachii: A muscle in the upper arm, responsible for turning the hand palm-up and flexing the arm and forearm.
• Rectus Abdominis: A pair of flat abdominal muscles that stretch from the sternum to the pubis, enabling body bending.
• Iliopsoas: A combination of iliacus and psoas major muscles, connecting the lumbar spine to the femur, primarily responsible for hip flexion.
• Rectus Femoris: A quadriceps muscle in the middle of the thigh, extending the knee and flexing the hip.
• Vastus Intermedius: An integral part of the quadriceps femoris, located on the thigh's front and sides.
• Vastus Lateralis: Part of the quadriceps femoris, positioned on the sides and front of the thigh, further from the body's midline.
• Vastus Medialis: Another quadriceps femoris component, positioned on the sides and front of the thigh, closer to the body's midline.
• Sartorius: A long, slanting thigh muscle connecting the hip to the inside of the lower leg.
• Tibialis Anterior: An elongated muscle in the front of the lower leg.
• Bursae: Small sacs above synovial membranes, containing synovial fluid to prevent tendon rubbing.
• Meniscus: Fibrocartilage pads that absorb and distribute force.
• Articular Capsule: Surrounds joint ends of bones, consisting of fibrous capsule and synovial membrane.
• Synovial Membrane: A delicate connective tissue membrane lining the joint cavity.
• Ligaments: Connecting bone to bone, strengthening connections and limiting movement.
• Articular Cartilage: A thin layer of hyaline cartilage for smooth bone articulation.
• Synovial Fluid: Lubricates articular cartilage, preventing friction.
• Synovial Joints: Freely movable in one or more directions.
• Ball and Socket: Allows full range of motion.
• Pivot: Rotation of one bone within another.
• Hinge: Movement like a hinge (bending and extending).
• Condyloid: Side-to-side and back-and-forth movement.
• Synovial Joints: The most mobile joints, significant for sports.
• Slightly Movable Joints (Cartilaginous): Allow limited movement with smooth ends and compressed cartilage pads.
• Fixed Joints (Fibrous): Immovable, connected by fibrous tissue.
• Plane: Movement over a flat surface.
• Saddle: Back-and-forth and side-to-side movement
• Patella: Kneecap.
• Femur: Thigh bone.
• Humerus: Upper arm bone.
• Phalanges: Fingers and toes.
• Radius: Lower arm bone (thumb side).
• Ulna: Lower arm bone (adjacent to the radius).
• Tibia: Large lower leg bone.
• Fibula: Smaller lower leg bone.
• Pelvis: Hip bones.
• Clavicle: Collarbone.
• Scapula: Shoulder blade.
• Cranium: Skull.
• Sternum: Breastbone.
• Carpals: Wrist bones.
• Tarsals: Ankle bones.
• Metacarpals: Mid-hand bones.
• Metatarsals: Mid-foot bones.
• Sacrum: Bone at the bottom of the spine.
• Thoracic Vertebrae: Middle spine bones.
• Cervical Vertebrae: Upper spine bones (neck).
• Lumbar Vertebrae: Lower spine bones (lower back).
• Coccyx: Tailbone.
• Ischium: Curved bone forming the base of the pelvis.
• Ilium: Part of the hip bone.
• Pubis: Anterior medial part of the pelvis.
• Axial Skeleton: Supports and protects head, neck, and trunk.
• Appendicular Skeleton: Limbs and limb girdles attached to the axial skeleton.
• Long Bones: Length exceeds width.
• Short Bones: Cube-shaped; width equals length.
• Flat Bones: Thin, flattened, and usually curved, providing protection.
• Irregular Bones: Specialized shapes.
• Superior: Above.
• Inferior: Below.
• Anterior: Front.
• Posterior: Back.
• Medial: Towards the midline.
• Lateral: Away from the midline.
• Proximal: Closer to the attachment point.
• Distal: Further from the attachment point.
• Internal: Inside.
• External: Closer to the surface.
• Muscle Contractility: Ability to shorten.
• Muscle Extensibility: Ability to stretch past resting length.
• Muscle Elasticity: Ability to recoil after stretching.
• Muscle Atrophy: Decrease in muscle size.
• Muscle Hypertrophy: Increase in muscle size.
• Controlled and Nourished Muscle: Muscles controlled by nerves, nourished by capillaries.
• Skeletal Muscle: Striated, voluntary muscle with multiple nuclei.
• Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary, striated muscle in the heart with one nucleus.
• Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non-striated muscle in internal organs, with one nucleus.
• Origin of Muscle: Point of attachment to stationary bone.
• Insertion of Muscle: Point of attachment to moving bone.
• Epiphysis of Long Bone: Ends of the bone, primarily spongy bone.
• Spongy Bone: Bone tissue with many small spaces, located beneath the hard bone.