10 Questions
What are the stages in Freud's psychosexual theory of child development?
Oral Stage, Anal Stage, Phallic Stage, Latency Stage, Genital Stage
According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what happens if individuals successfully overcome the challenges at each stage?
Psychological growth
What is the main concept of Bandura's social learning theory?
Learning through modeling and observation
How did Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory revolutionize child development?
By highlighting that children think differently than adults
In what way do characters in media influence behavior according to theories of human development?
By serving as models for behavior imitation
What is the main concept introduced by Lev Vygotsky's developmental theory?
Zone of Proximal Development
Name one limitation of behaviorism in developmental psychology.
Does not consider personal emotional development or thoughts
According to John Bowlby's attachment theory, what is the instinctive need of children?
To form connections with caregivers
How do trusting relationships impact attachment models based on Bowlby's theory?
More likely to emerge in children receiving trustworthy care and support
What aspect of development is not considered by behaviorism, leading to the use of punishment and reinforcement to alter behaviors?
Personal emotional development or thoughts
Study Notes
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the impact of unconscious desires and childhood experiences on behavior
- Psychosexual theory suggests child development occurs in stages centered on pleasure zones, influencing overall development
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
- Oral Stage: Birth to 18 Months
- Anal Stage: 18 months to three years
- Phallic stage: 3 years to 7-8 years
- Latency Stage: 7-8 years to puberty
- Genital Stage: Puberty to Adulthood
Psychosocial Theory
- Developed by Erik Erikson, focusing on lifelong growth with crises at each stage shaping individuals
- Successfully overcoming these challenges leads to psychological growth
- Outlines 8 stages from birth to death
Social Learning Theory
- Developed by Albert Bandura, suggesting learning goes beyond conditioning
- Includes behaviors learned through modeling and observation
- Children imitate behaviors of others for skill and knowledge acquisition
- Observation, whether live or through verbal interaction, plays a key role in learning
- Characters in media can also influence behavior
Cognitive Developmental Theory
- Developed by Jean Piaget, emphasizing children's thought processes and their impact on interactions and understanding of the world
- Revolutionized child development by highlighting that children think differently than adults
- Explains mental processes, different thinking patterns, and their influence on perception and engagement with the external world
Learning Theory
- Developed by Lev Vygotsky, emphasizing active learning through life experiences and the responsibility of parents, caregivers, peers, and culture
- Introduces the zone of proximal development, where individuals gradually expand their abilities and understanding with support from more informed individuals
Behaviorism
- Emerged in the 20th century, dominating developmental psychology
- Emphasizes how environmental interaction influences behavior
- Theories like John Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson focus on growth as a response to stimuli, reinforcement, rewards, and punishments
- Does not consider personal emotional development or thoughts, leading to operant and classical conditioning
Attachment Theory
- Developed by John Bowlby, positing that children are born with an instinctive need to form connections with caregivers, crucial for their survival and development
- Attachments are characterized by developmental characteristics and motivational outlines
- Adolescent psychology researchers have expanded upon Bowlby's work, proposing various attachment models
- Trusting relationships are more likely to emerge in children receiving trustworthy care and support
- Continues to impact social relationships throughout life
Explore Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic theory, focusing on how unconscious desires and childhood experiences influence behavior. Learn about the 5 stages of psychosexual development, from the Oral Stage to the Genital Stage, and discover the 8 stages of human development.
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