Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which stage of Freud's Psychosexual Theory involves the erogenous zone being the mouth, lips, and tongue?
Which stage of Freud's Psychosexual Theory involves the erogenous zone being the mouth, lips, and tongue?
During the Anal stage (1 ½ to 3 years), what is the primary focus of activity?
During the Anal stage (1 ½ to 3 years), what is the primary focus of activity?
What conflict is associated with the Phallic stage (3 to 6 years) in Freud's Psychosexual Theory?
What conflict is associated with the Phallic stage (3 to 6 years) in Freud's Psychosexual Theory?
In which stage do boys and girls prefer to be in the company of their own sex and dislike members of the opposite sex?
In which stage do boys and girls prefer to be in the company of their own sex and dislike members of the opposite sex?
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At which stage do individuals focus on cognitive and social development according to Freud's Psychosexual Theory?
At which stage do individuals focus on cognitive and social development according to Freud's Psychosexual Theory?
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Which stage in Freud's Psychosexual Theory occurs from Puberty to Adulthood with a focus on the genitals?
Which stage in Freud's Psychosexual Theory occurs from Puberty to Adulthood with a focus on the genitals?
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Which type of communication uses clear, direct, and easy to understand concrete messages?
Which type of communication uses clear, direct, and easy to understand concrete messages?
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Which type of responses cut off communication and hinder the interaction from continuing?
Which type of responses cut off communication and hinder the interaction from continuing?
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What is the purpose of interpreting signals or cues in communication?
What is the purpose of interpreting signals or cues in communication?
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What function do cues serve in communication?
What function do cues serve in communication?
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How does the choice of communication technique depend in therapeutic communication?
How does the choice of communication technique depend in therapeutic communication?
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What is the definition of Mental Health according to WHO?
What is the definition of Mental Health according to WHO?
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What is the role of Autonomy in mental health?
What is the role of Autonomy in mental health?
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Which part of the mind mediates between the desires of Id and SuperEgo?
Which part of the mind mediates between the desires of Id and SuperEgo?
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What does Self-actuation refer to in mental health?
What does Self-actuation refer to in mental health?
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What does Mental Hygiene focus on?
What does Mental Hygiene focus on?
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Which factor characterizes Mental Illness?
Which factor characterizes Mental Illness?
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What is one of the benefits provided under RA 9442?
What is one of the benefits provided under RA 9442?
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Which neurotransmitter is associated with symptoms of Parkinson's Disease when levels are low?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with symptoms of Parkinson's Disease when levels are low?
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What effect does caffeine have on neurotransmitters?
What effect does caffeine have on neurotransmitters?
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Which psychoactive drug works by blocking Dopamine receptors?
Which psychoactive drug works by blocking Dopamine receptors?
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According to Freud, which part of the personality follows the Principle of Reality or Reality Principle?
According to Freud, which part of the personality follows the Principle of Reality or Reality Principle?
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What is the role of Endorphins in the nervous system?
What is the role of Endorphins in the nervous system?
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Which neurotransmitter plays an important role in arousal and attention?
Which neurotransmitter plays an important role in arousal and attention?
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'Botox' is derived from which toxin that blocks the release of Acetylcholine?
'Botox' is derived from which toxin that blocks the release of Acetylcholine?
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What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?
What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?
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Which defense mechanism involves an individual justifying failures and unacceptable feelings by making excuses?
Which defense mechanism involves an individual justifying failures and unacceptable feelings by making excuses?
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What is the purpose of transference in psychological terms?
What is the purpose of transference in psychological terms?
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What negative defense mechanism involves placing blame for one's difficulties on others?
What negative defense mechanism involves placing blame for one's difficulties on others?
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Which defense mechanism involves unconsciously transferring emotional feelings onto a less threatening person or object?
Which defense mechanism involves unconsciously transferring emotional feelings onto a less threatening person or object?
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Which mechanism involves an individual attempting to increase self-worth by acquiring certain traits from others?
Which mechanism involves an individual attempting to increase self-worth by acquiring certain traits from others?
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What does repression involve according to the text?
What does repression involve according to the text?
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Study Notes
Mental Health
- Mental health is a state of well-being where a person can realize their abilities to cope with normal life stresses and work productively (WHO).
- Criteria for mental health include:
- Self-awareness: recognizing thoughts, feelings, and weaknesses, and experiencing genuine feelings.
- Autonomy: ability to function independently and with others.
- Perceptive ability: awareness of stimuli, reality orientation, and integral capacity.
- Self-actuation: ability to adapt to life changes, cooperate, and be satisfied in every endeavor.
Mental Illness
- Mental illness is a state of imbalance characterized by a disturbance in thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
- Factors increasing the risk of mental illness include:
- Genetic predisposition
- Trauma
- Stress
- Lack of social support
Mental Hygiene
- Mental hygiene is the science of maintaining mental health and preventing the development of psychosis, neurosis, or other mental disorders.
The Biological Basis of Behavior
- Neurons are the "messengers" of the nervous system, unique in shape and function.
- Well-known neurotransmitters include:
- Acetylcholine (ACh): involved in arousal and attention, loss of which leads to Alzheimer's disease.
- Dopamine: affects neurons associated with voluntary movement, involved in learning, memory, and emotions, and loss of which leads to Parkinson's disease.
- Serotonin: sets an emotional tone, low levels of which are associated with depression.
- Endorphins: reduce pain by inhibiting or "turning down" neurons that transmit pain information.
Therapeutic Modalities, Psychosocial Skills, and Nursing Strategies
- Psycho-analytic theory by Sigmund Freud:
- Id: the primitive and instinctual part of the mind, containing sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories.
- Ego: the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the Id and the demands of reality.
- Superego: the moral component, which develops last and functions as a policeman to check the unlawful activities of the Id.
- Freud's psychosexual stages of development:
- Oral stage (birth to 1 ½ years): mouth, lips, and tongue, sucking, biting, and chewing.
- Anal stage (1 ½ to 3 years): anus, bowel retention, and elimination toilet training.
- Phallic stage (3 to 6 years): genitals, identifying with same-sex parent to learn gender role and sense of morality.
- Latency stage (6 years to puberty): latency, preferring own-sex company, and hating the opposite sex.
- Genital stage (puberty to adulthood): genitals, cognitively and socially developed.
Verbal Communication Skills
- Therapeutic communication techniques:
- Using concrete messages that are explicit and easy to understand.
- Avoiding non-therapeutic communication that cuts off interaction.
- Interpreting signals or cues.
- Finding cues through active listening.
- When to terminate therapy:
- Goals have been met.
- Patient is emotionally stable.
- Patient is independent and can cope with separation anxiety, fear, and loss.
Defense Mechanisms
- Positive defense mechanisms:
- Compensation: making up for weaknesses by developing strength in other areas.
- Substitution: replacing an unachievable goal with an achievable one.
- Displacement: redirecting emotions to a more acceptable target.
- Negative defense mechanisms:
- Repression: unconscious forgetting of unpleasant experiences.
- Projection: placing blame on others for one's own difficulties.
- Rationalization: justifying failures and unacceptable behaviors with excuses.
- Regression: reverting to childish behavior under stress.
- Fantasy: imaginary gratification of frustrated desires.
- Identification: attempting to increase self-worth by adopting traits of another.
- Transference: unconsciously identifying with another person.
- Conversion: converting emotional conflicts into physical symptoms.
- Intellectualization: using logic to avoid expressing actual emotions.
- Dissociation: involuntary suppression of mental function to express forbidden impulses.
- Introjection: unconsciously adopting the thoughts or traits of others.
- Denial: refusing to face reality to avoid anxiety.
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Description
Test your knowledge on human development and Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Theory. Explore the progressive series of changes that occur in a predictable pattern as a result of interactions between biological and environmental factors.
