Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which psychological perspective focuses exclusively on observable behaviors and their environmental influences?
Which psychological perspective focuses exclusively on observable behaviors and their environmental influences?
- Cognitive
- Psychodynamic
- Humanistic
- Behavioral (correct)
What concept is central to behavioral psychology?
What concept is central to behavioral psychology?
- Self-actualization
- Unconscious drives
- Conditioning (correct)
- Internal mental states
Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of cognitive psychology?
- Conditioning of behavior (correct)
- Problem-solving
- Internal mental states
- Decision-making
In cognitive psychology, the human mind is sometimes compared to what?
In cognitive psychology, the human mind is sometimes compared to what?
What do cognitive theories emphasize as essential for perceiving and responding to the world?
What do cognitive theories emphasize as essential for perceiving and responding to the world?
Which of these psychologists is best associated with behavioral psychology?
Which of these psychologists is best associated with behavioral psychology?
What major shift did cognitive psychology introduce in the study of human behavior?
What major shift did cognitive psychology introduce in the study of human behavior?
A therapist uses rewards and punishments to modify a client's behavior. Which approach are they most likely using?
A therapist uses rewards and punishments to modify a client's behavior. Which approach are they most likely using?
What do cognitive schemas primarily influence?
What do cognitive schemas primarily influence?
Which therapeutic approach is rooted in cognitive psychology theories?
Which therapeutic approach is rooted in cognitive psychology theories?
What is a core focus of humanistic psychology theories?
What is a core focus of humanistic psychology theories?
Which term from humanistic psychology refers to accepting individuals without conditions?
Which term from humanistic psychology refers to accepting individuals without conditions?
What do psychodynamic theories primarily examine?
What do psychodynamic theories primarily examine?
Who is most closely associated with psychodynamic theories?
Who is most closely associated with psychodynamic theories?
According to psychodynamic theory, where do thoughts, urges, and memories that we're not aware of reside?
According to psychodynamic theory, where do thoughts, urges, and memories that we're not aware of reside?
Which perspective emphasizes a holistic approach, viewing individuals as more than just the sum of their parts?
Which perspective emphasizes a holistic approach, viewing individuals as more than just the sum of their parts?
Flashcards
Schemas
Schemas
Mental structures that help us organize and interpret information. They act like mental frameworks.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A type of therapy based on cognitive psychology that focuses on changing thoughts to improve behavior and emotional well-being.
Humanistic Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the inherent goodness of human beings and their potential for growth.
Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers
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Self-Actualization
Self-Actualization
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Holistic Approach
Holistic Approach
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The Unconscious
The Unconscious
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Psychodynamic Theories
Psychodynamic Theories
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Behavioral Theory
Behavioral Theory
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Cognitive Theory
Cognitive Theory
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism
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John B. Watson
John B. Watson
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B.F. Skinner
B.F. Skinner
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Behavioral Techniques
Behavioral Techniques
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Decision-making
Decision-making
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Cognitive Psychological Theories
Cognitive Psychological Theories
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Study Notes
5 Major Psychological Theories
- Five major types of psychological theories exist: behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, psychodynamic, and biological.
- Each theory offers a different perspective on understanding, explaining, and predicting human thought and behavior.
Behavioral Theories
- Also known as behaviorism.
- Focuses on learned behaviors through conditioning (associations, rewards, and punishments).
- Ignores internal mental processes.
- Key figures include John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner.
- Widely used therapeutically to help clients learn new skills.
Cognitive Theories
- Focus on internal mental states (motivation, problem-solving, thinking, etc.).
- Explain how the mind processes information, leading to certain emotions and behaviors.
- Suggests the human mind functions like a computer, processing, storing, retrieving, and using information.
Humanistic Theories
- Grew popular in the 1950s.
- Emphasizes the inherent goodness of humans and their drive for growth and self-actualization.
- Takes a holistic approach, viewing individuals as more than just the sum of their parts.
- Key theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow (hierarchy of needs).
- Focuses on unconditional positive regard.
Psychodynamic Theories
- Examines the unconscious (thoughts, urges, emotions, memories) and how it shapes behavior.
- Believes unconscious processes influence emotions, attitudes, and personalities.
- Seek to understand the root causes of unconscious behavior.
- Associated with Sigmund Freud and his followers (id, ego, superego).
Biological Theories
- Attributes human emotions and behavior to biological causes.
- A perspective related to the nature versus nurture debate.
- Emphasizes evolution, genetics, and the role of the brain in psychological processes.
- Proposes that bodily injuries or inherited factors can cause specific behaviors.
- Associated with Charles Darwin.
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