Settling Alta California (Section 4)

Who founded the first mission in San Diego?

What were the settlements called that were established by the Spanish for farming?

What military forts did the Spanish build near the missions?

Why did the Spanish stop using Anza's overland route to Alta California?

Which river became the boundary between Mission Santa Clara and San José pueblo?

What was the initial purpose of the missions established in Alta California?

In what year did Fray Tomás de la Peña help establish Mission Santa Clara?

Which group attacked a settlement in 1781 due to farmers trampling their crops?

Settling Alta California

The Portolá expedition initiated European settlements in Alta California, called missions.
Missionaries taught Christianity to Native Americans.
Father Serra established the first mission in San Diego in 1769 and the second in Monterey in 1770.
In 1775, Captain Anza led settlers from present-day Mexico to Monterey, traveling across deserts and mountains.
He then located a site for a mission near San Francisco Bay.
The Spanish built presidios (forts) to protect the missions.
Pueblos (farming settlements) were created to provide food for the presidios.
San José was the first pueblo, established in 1777 after Mission Santa Clara.
The Guadalupe River initially separated the mission and pueblo, but frequent flooding prompted a move of the pueblo to higher ground.
Diverse groups (Spaniards, Mexicans, indigenous people from northern Mexico, and Africans) contributed to the settlements.
Initially, settlers used Anza's trail, but conflicts with Yuma Indians led to the abandonment of this route.
Trade by ship replaced the overland route after the Yuma attacks in 1781.
Presidios like those built in California still exist today.
Mission Santa Clara remains, acting as a chapel for Santa Clara University.

Test your knowledge on the early European settlements in Alta California, focusing on the missions established by Father Serra and the expeditions led by Captain Anza. Explore the interactions between diverse groups and the significance of presidios and pueblos during this period.