Septic Tank and Cesspool Quiz

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What type of tank is used to allow sewage solids to settle at the bottom for anaerobic digestion?

Sedimentation tank

Septic tank (correct)

Leaching tank

Cesspool

How often is a septic tank usually de-sludged?

Once every 1-5 years (correct)

Once a week

Once every 10 years

Once a month

What is the main purpose of a cesspool?

To treat sewage aerobically

To provide drinking water

To leach wastewater into the soil (correct)

To store sewage solids

What happens if the bottom of a cesspool is not well above the ground water level?

Risk of polluting groundwater Signup and view all the answers

How often are water tight cesspools typically cleaned?

Every 6 months Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a seepage pit from a cesspool?

Seepage pit is filled with stones Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is colorless but has a suffocating, pungent odor?

Sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit commonly used to express concentrations of air pollutants?

mg/m3 Signup and view all the answers

Which film on the stones assists in decomposing fine suspended solids in water?

Zoogleal film Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of NO2, a reddish-brown gas with a sharp odor?

Vehicle traffic Signup and view all the answers

Exposure to which gas can reduce the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream?

Carbon monoxide Signup and view all the answers

In air pollution terms, what does ppm stand for?

Parts per million Signup and view all the answers

What environmental factor affects the relationship between ppm and mg/m3?

Gas density Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest source of Pb (lead) in the atmosphere?

Leaded gasoline combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe air pollutants that may cause cancer or other serious health effects?

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) Signup and view all the answers

Why are substances considered air pollutants only at relatively high concentrations?

Because they have adverse effects at high concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What causes geogenic radioactivity?

Radioactive minerals in the earth's crust Signup and view all the answers

What has industrial development led to in terms of air pollution?

Increased gaseous and particulate emissions Signup and view all the answers

Which activity can contribute to elevated concentrations of harmful chemicals like VOCs in a building?

Cleaning or remodeling a house Signup and view all the answers

What type of emissions were found to continue causing problems even after reducing particle emissions?

Gaseous emissions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main contributors to indoor pollution in buildings?

"Endotoxins" released by bacteria Signup and view all the answers

In what types of societies may resources not be sufficiently invested in air pollution control?

'Rapidly developing' societies Signup and view all the answers

What issue does the use of inefficient and smoky fuels for heating and cooking create?

Both indoor and outdoor air pollution Signup and view all the answers

"Low-level" ozone is primarily formed due to the interaction of which two pollutants?

$VOCs$ and $NO_X$ Signup and view all the answers

What health issues can arise from exposure to high levels of ambient sulfur dioxide concentrations?

Respiratory problems Signup and view all the answers

"Sick Building Syndrome" is associated with the accumulation of pollutants due to:

"Inadequate ventilation" in buildings Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the air quality problem indoors in many developed countries?

Inadequate ventilation in buildings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a health effect of ambient air pollution in the text?

Increased risk of heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What effect does air pollution have on human health according to recent studies mentioned in the text?

Major effect on human health overall Signup and view all the answers

Which pollutant is associated with mucosal irritation such as acute or chronic bronchitis?

Particulates Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of high levels of air pollution mentioned in the text?

Severe eye irritation Signup and view all the answers

Which pollutants tend to occur together during summer months in most developed areas?

Ozone and sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is a classification of air pollutants based on the text?

"Criteria" Pollutants Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT listed as a source of particulate matter (PM) according to the text?

Medical waste incineration Signup and view all the answers

What do sulfur dioxide emissions contribute to based on the text?

Heart diseases Signup and view all the answers

From where do emissions that may cause cancer in community air pollution usually come from?

Certain industrial sources with poor controls Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pollutants are formed as a result of reactions between primary pollutants and other elements in the atmosphere?

Secondary pollutants Signup and view all the answers

What was found to be the main effect of sulfur dioxide according to Amdur et al.'s study?

Broncho constriction Signup and view all the answers

At what concentration of sulfur dioxide do persons with asthma who exercise typically experience symptoms?

0.5 ppm Signup and view all the answers

What is a major constituent of air pollution that is capable of forming acid and triggering broncho constriction?

Sulfate Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical species cause acid precipitation and can be transported long distances in the atmosphere?

Sulfur dioxide and sulfates Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs when acid aerosols like sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and nitrogen dioxide deposit deeply in the distal lung and airspace?

Acidification Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary pollutant created by the oxidation of nitric oxide under conditions of sunlight?

Nitrogen dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the major problem that sulfur dioxide caused during the period of rapid economic growth in many countries?

Acidifying air pollution Signup and view all the answers

Which group tends to suffer more from the effects of sulfur dioxide according to the text?

Individuals with asthma Signup and view all the answers

What levels of exposure to nitrogen dioxide should not be exceeded according to WHO guideline levels?

400 μg/m3 for one hour and 150 μg/m3 for 24 hours Signup and view all the answers