Sepsis Management and Antibiotic Therapy Quiz

<p>Patients should not be fed until gut hypoxia and hypoperfusion have been excluded. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A third-generation cephalosporin plus vancomycin with the possible addition of clindamycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impeded blood flow, leaky vessels, and clot formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary oedema and shortness of breath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular hypoxia and lactic acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytosis (WBC count &gt;12,000) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because a culprit organism is often not found (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is produced excessively, contributing to widespread hypotension. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dysregulated host response to an infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepsis with fluid-unresponsive hypotension, serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L, and use of vasopressors to maintain mean arterial pressure &gt; 65mmHg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is not intended to replace clinical judgement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high prevalence of nosocomial infections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 points (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid unresponsive hypotension, serum lactate 3mmol/L and vasopressors to maintain MAP &gt;65 mmhg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After ruling out gut hypoxia and hypoperfusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A third-generation cephalosporin plus vancomycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative bacteria coverage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A third-generation cephalosporin plus vancomycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A life-threatening clinical condition due to an unregulated immune response to infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low blood pressure, high respiratory rate, and altered mentation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two qSOFA points (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension, serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L, and the need for vasopressors to maintain adequate mean arterial pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septic shock is sepsis combined with circulatory and cellular/metabolic dysfunction, which can increase mortality risk. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is useful in raising suspicion of sepsis but does not replace clinical judgement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patient requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with bacteremia often develop systemic consequences of infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular injury leads to the release of inflammatory mediators, which can result in organ dysfunction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to a decrease in blood pressure due to excessive vasodilation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactate levels greater than 4 mg/dL (70 micromol/L). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced cellular oxygen levels (hypoxia) and build-up of lactic acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying the organism is not possible in all patients with sepsis, its absence does not invalidate the diagnosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncontrolled bleeding due to the exhaustion of coagulation proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant drop in blood pressure despite fluid resuscitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation and coagulation cascade activation leading to tissue damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A systolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg despite fluid resuscitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated serum creatinine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A third-generation cephalosporin plus vancomycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepsis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent diarrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid resuscitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low blood pressure (SBP≤100 mmHg) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a subset of sepsis associated with higher mortality risk. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasopressors required to maintain mean arterial pressure &gt; 65 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admittance to the intensive care unit (ICU) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A systemic inflammatory response to infection that can lead to organ dysfunction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased platelet count (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular hypoxia and lactic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid resuscitation is often recommended to restore hemodynamic stability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate tissue oxygenation and anaerobic metabolism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They induce blood vessel dilation and can lower blood pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and chills due to infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient may have already received antibiotics before the culture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A life-threatening condition where the body's response to infection becomes uncontrolled, leading to organ dysfunction.

A severe form of sepsis with dangerously low blood pressure and impaired cellular function, increasing mortality risk.

A bedside assessment tool using three criteria (low blood pressure, high respiratory rate, altered mental status) to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes outside the ICU.

A systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with a confirmed infection.

A severe form of sepsis with hypotension, elevated lactate levels, and need for medication to maintain blood pressure.

A condition where bacteria are present in the bloodstream.

Hospital-acquired infections occurring in patients while hospitalized, increasing sepsis risk.

A type of infection occurring in patients within the intensive care unit (ICU).

A type of sepsis where the cause of infection is unknown, typically seen in older infants and children.

A powerful antibiotic used to fight infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, especially the resistant MRSA strain.

An antibiotic group known for their broad spectrum, effectively targeting a wide range of bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria.

A common antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA).

A type of immune system booster administered intravenously, sometimes used as an adjunctive therapy in sepsis.

Blood clots forming in small blood vessels due to infection, leading to leakage and swelling.

Fluid buildup in the lungs due to leaky blood vessels and an infection, causing shortness of breath.

A decrease in blood pressure caused by widened blood vessels due to infection.

Insufficient blood flow to tissues due to sepsis, leading to cell damage and organ dysfunction.

Direct cell injury caused by infection or its byproducts, leading to organ dysfunction.

The body's response to infection, involving releasing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory chemicals, leading to organ dysfunction.

A high white blood cell count in the blood, indicating infection.

A low platelet count in the blood, indicating potential bleeding problems in sepsis.

A life-threatening medical condition where the body's response to infection is dysregulated, leading to organ dysfunction.

A subset of sepsis with dangerously low blood pressure and impaired cellular function, increasing mortality risk.

A bedside assessment tool used to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes outside the ICU. It evaluates blood pressure, respiratory rate, and mental status.

A condition where bacteria are present in the bloodstream.

Hospital-acquired infections occurring in patients while hospitalized, increasing sepsis risk.

A serious type of sepsis with hypotension, elevated lactate levels, and the need for medication to maintain blood pressure.

Sepsis where the cause of infection is unknown, commonly seen in infants and children.

A powerful antibiotic used to fight infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, especially the resistant MRSA strain.

Ampicillin and a third-generation cephalosporin (like ceftriaxone or cefotaxime) are used to treat sepsis in infants and children. These antibiotics target a broad range of bacteria, including those that commonly cause infection in this age group.

For older children and adults with sepsis, antibiotics like vancomycin are often added to a third-generation cephalosporin. This combination provides wider coverage, especially for more serious bacteria like MRSA.

Patients with implanted devices like catheters or those at high risk of MRSA infection often receive vancomycin in addition to the standard antibiotic regimen. This additional protection prevents complications from these difficult bacteria.

If the cause of sepsis is unclear in infants and children, a third-generation cephalosporin combined with vancomycin is commonly prescribed. Clindamycin may be added if Staphylococcus aureus is suspected.

Patients with fever and neutropenia, a low white blood cell count, often need broad-spectrum antibiotics to target a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. This approach addresses potential infections in a weakened immune system.

When tiny blood vessels are damaged due to infection, blood clots form, blocking blood flow and causing the vessels to leak, leading to swelling in surrounding tissues.

In sepsis, a high white blood cell count indicates the body is fighting an infection, while a low platelet count warns of potential bleeding complications.

Multiple types of evidence are needed for a sepsis diagnosis including clinical symptoms, lab test results, imaging scans, physiological measurements, and the identification of microbes in the body.