Appetite Chapter 6

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Which country officially approves of entomophagy?

Cambodia

Mexico

United States (correct)

None of the above

What is the nutritional benefit of consuming 100 grams of caterpillars?

It provides all the daily recommended protein, iron, and vitamins (correct)

It provides a good source of carbohydrates

It helps in weight loss

None of the above

Why do most people in the United States find eating insects disgusting?

It is against the law in the United States

There is a lack of availability of insects in the United States

It is not culturally accepted in the United States (correct)

None of the above

Why do people tend to consume more fat than is recommended?

They are genetically predisposed to prefer high-fat foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the caloric density of fat compared to protein and carbohydrate?

Fat contains 9 calories per gram, while protein and carbohydrate each contain 4 calories per gram Signup and view all the answers

What does the research show about people's calorie intake when they are full or consuming other calories?

People eat fewer calories when they are full or consuming other calories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about sensory specific satiety?

It is influenced by the appearance, taste, and texture of a food Signup and view all the answers

What did psychologist David J. Stang's experiment on spices demonstrate?

Preference for spices recovers after a week without tastings Signup and view all the answers

What did psychologist Barbara J. Rolls and her colleagues show in their experiment with sandwiches?

People consume more sandwiches with different fillings Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific hunger?

A preference for food containing specific nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is the best predictor of how much 4- to 5-year-old children prefer different fruits and vegetables?

The calorie density of the fruits and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

According to the experiments mentioned, what makes people rate foods, including specific odors and tastes, as more pleasant?

The scarcity of calories in the world Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiments conducted by psychologists Elizabeth H. Zandstra and Wael El-Deredy reveal about participants' drink preferences?

Participants preferred the drink with more calories Signup and view all the answers

What did psychologists Leann L. Birch and Mary Deysher find in their experiments with preschool children?

Preschoolers learned to eat larger amounts of cookies following a high-calorie snack Signup and view all the answers

How do young children and other animals learn what foods they should be eating when their parents are no longer around?

They figure out what is good to eat through trial and error Signup and view all the answers

What did the psychologist Curt P. Richter show in his cafeteria experiments with rats?

Rats can select all the nutrients they need from a wide choice of foods Signup and view all the answers

What did the research done by physician Clara M. Davis in the 1920s and 1930s involve?

Allowing babies to choose their own foods in a hospital setting Signup and view all the answers

What were the two major problems with Clara M. Davis's experiment?

The nurses unconsciously or consciously influenced the babies' choices Signup and view all the answers

Why do some people have a fear of new foods?

Because they have a genetic component that makes them neophobic Signup and view all the answers

What is neophobia?

A fear of new things Signup and view all the answers

How does familiarity with a food influence preference?

It increases preference for the food Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiments by psychologist Patricia Pliner and psychologist Leann L. Birch show?

Experience with the taste of a food is necessary to increase preference for its taste Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learning is described in the text?

Taste aversion learning Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the aversive foods had never been eaten again, according to the questionnaire?

62% Signup and view all the answers

What type of illness is required for taste aversion learning to occur?

Gastrointestinal illness Signup and view all the answers

Which species have been observed to exhibit taste aversion learning?

Rats and people Signup and view all the answers

What was the name given to taste aversion learning by farmers?

Bait shyness Signup and view all the answers

Who first described taste aversion learning in humans?

Martin E. P. Seligman Signup and view all the answers

How did John Garcia and his colleagues induce taste aversion in rats in their laboratory experiments?

By exposing the rats to a rotating cylinder Signup and view all the answers

According to laboratory research, young children are more likely to try something new if they

see an adult try it first Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment with college students and food choices, the likelihood that a student will eat a new food depends on

what the student sees someone else do Signup and view all the answers

Experiments with rats have shown that rats are more likely to consume a novel food if

they see other rats eating it Signup and view all the answers

Which type of taste pairing can increase preference for the first taste?

Pairing a taste with a better taste Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment with rats, which type of sugar was found to increase preference for a particular flavor of chow more when paired with almond- or vanilla-flavored laboratory chow?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiments conducted by psychologist L. L. Birch and her colleagues with preschool children show?

Engaging in a specific play activity decreased subsequent preference for a specific type of fruit juice Signup and view all the answers

According to the research mentioned, what is the effect of telling children that they can have candy only if they eat spinach?

It decreases the preference for spinach and increases the preference for candy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rats drank very little of the water that was accompanied by light flashes and clicks in the second part of the experiment?

The rats that were shocked whenever they licked Signup and view all the answers

What did Garcia and Koelling conclude about the association between taste and illness and audiovisual events and shock?

Rats find it easier to associate taste with illness than audiovisual events with shock Signup and view all the answers

What other sensory factor, besides taste, may play an important role in food aversions linked to illness?

Odors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taste aversion learning?

To help animals survive by avoiding foods that are likely to make them sick Signup and view all the answers

What did Escalona observe about the food preferences of babies in the prison nursery?

Babies showed a consistent dislike for both orange and tomato juice. Signup and view all the answers

What did Escalona's investigation reveal about the caretakers' influence on the babies' food preferences?

The caretakers influenced the babies' food preferences subconsciously. Signup and view all the answers

What did Escalona find when she compared the preferences of the babies and the students who took care of them?

The babies' preferences were influenced by the students' preferences. Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiments show about the influence of facial expressions on food preferences?

Facial expressions of acceptance can increase food preferences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the experiments conducted by Birch and her colleagues with 3- to 6-year-old children's access to snack foods?

The children later tried harder to get those snacks as opposed to other snacks. Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers Brian Wansink and his colleagues find in their study on American World War II veterans?

Veterans who experienced high levels of combat in the Pacific had a lower preference for Chinese and Japanese food compared to veterans who experienced high levels of combat in Europe. Signup and view all the answers

How did Birch's experiments with preschool children and soup consumption turn out?

Simply telling preschool children to 'Finish your soup, please,' resulted in their eating less soup and making far more negative comments about it. Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiments conducted by psychologist Sibylle K. Escalona reveal about people's food preferences?

People's food preferences can change due to social interactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is likely to change preference for a food, according to research mentioned in the text?

Repeated consumption of the food in a familiar sauce Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about our food preferences and aversions?

They reflect our evolutionary heritage Signup and view all the answers

What can cause serious problems, according to the text?

Our evolutionary legacy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taste aversion learning?

To develop a distaste for certain foods Signup and view all the answers

Which category does a food fall into if it could cause physical harm if eaten?

Dangerous Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines whether a food is classified as disgusting?

Direct and indirect contact with reactions to the food Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's aversion to eating seafood categorized as?

Disgusting Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables do children and adults in the United States consume on average?

40% and 60% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the recommended amounts of greens and beans do children and adults in the United States consume on average?

0.5% and 20% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the fear of vegetables?

Lachanophobia Signup and view all the answers

What has been found to increase preference for fruits and vegetables in children and adults?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the experiments conducted by psychologist Bennett G. Galef with rats?

The experiments investigated the social transmission of food preferences among rats Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiments with college students and food choices reveal?

The likelihood that a student will eat a new food depends on what they see someone else do Signup and view all the answers

What did psychologist Clara M. Davis's research involve in the 1920s and 1930s?

Research on the food preferences of orphaned babies Signup and view all the answers

Which group of children chose first between the target vegetable and the vegetable preferred by the other three children on the first day of the experiment?

The target child Signup and view all the answers

What did the target children increase their choices of during the latter days of the experiment?

Their nonpreferred vegetables Signup and view all the answers

What were the effects of the experiment on the target children's reported preferences for the nonpreferred vegetables?

Their reported preferences for the nonpreferred vegetables increased Signup and view all the answers

Which group of children did the effects of the experiment appear to be stronger for?

The younger children Signup and view all the answers

What are the three ways in which food preferences can be transmitted from adult rats to rat pups?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What did Galef and his colleagues show about long-lasting food preferences in rats?

Long-lasting food preferences can be transmitted between adult rats Signup and view all the answers

How does advertising influence people's food preferences, according to the text?

Advertising encourages people to prefer foods that are poor in nutrition Signup and view all the answers

How does our culture affect our food preferences, according to the text?

Our culture influences our food preferences through advertising and TV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors may contribute to a child's aversion to eating vegetables?

Genetically based taste sensitivity to certain chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible reason for the author's aversion to seafood?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of the acquired aversion to hot dogs after consuming them followed by illness?

Effects of experience Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for the author's aversion to eating vegetables as a child?

Observing the father's eating preferences Signup and view all the answers

Appetite Chapter 6

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Questions and Answers

Which country officially approves of entomophagy?

What is the nutritional benefit of consuming 100 grams of caterpillars?

Why do most people in the United States find eating insects disgusting?

Why do people tend to consume more fat than is recommended?

What is the caloric density of fat compared to protein and carbohydrate?

What does the research show about people's calorie intake when they are full or consuming other calories?

Which of the following is true about sensory specific satiety?

What did psychologist David J. Stang's experiment on spices demonstrate?

What did psychologist Barbara J. Rolls and her colleagues show in their experiment with sandwiches?

What is a specific hunger?

Which factor is the best predictor of how much 4- to 5-year-old children prefer different fruits and vegetables?

According to the experiments mentioned, what makes people rate foods, including specific odors and tastes, as more pleasant?

What did the experiments conducted by psychologists Elizabeth H. Zandstra and Wael El-Deredy reveal about participants' drink preferences?

What did psychologists Leann L. Birch and Mary Deysher find in their experiments with preschool children?

How do young children and other animals learn what foods they should be eating when their parents are no longer around?

What did the psychologist Curt P. Richter show in his cafeteria experiments with rats?

What did the research done by physician Clara M. Davis in the 1920s and 1930s involve?

What were the two major problems with Clara M. Davis's experiment?

Why do some people have a fear of new foods?

What is neophobia?

How does familiarity with a food influence preference?

What did the experiments by psychologist Patricia Pliner and psychologist Leann L. Birch show?

Which type of learning is described in the text?

What percentage of the aversive foods had never been eaten again, according to the questionnaire?

What type of illness is required for taste aversion learning to occur?

Which species have been observed to exhibit taste aversion learning?

What was the name given to taste aversion learning by farmers?

Who first described taste aversion learning in humans?

How did John Garcia and his colleagues induce taste aversion in rats in their laboratory experiments?

According to laboratory research, young children are more likely to try something new if they

In the experiment with college students and food choices, the likelihood that a student will eat a new food depends on

Experiments with rats have shown that rats are more likely to consume a novel food if

Which type of taste pairing can increase preference for the first taste?

In an experiment with rats, which type of sugar was found to increase preference for a particular flavor of chow more when paired with almond- or vanilla-flavored laboratory chow?

What did the experiments conducted by psychologist L. L. Birch and her colleagues with preschool children show?

According to the research mentioned, what is the effect of telling children that they can have candy only if they eat spinach?

Which type of rats drank very little of the water that was accompanied by light flashes and clicks in the second part of the experiment?

What did Garcia and Koelling conclude about the association between taste and illness and audiovisual events and shock?

What other sensory factor, besides taste, may play an important role in food aversions linked to illness?

What is the purpose of taste aversion learning?

What did Escalona observe about the food preferences of babies in the prison nursery?

What did Escalona's investigation reveal about the caretakers' influence on the babies' food preferences?

What did Escalona find when she compared the preferences of the babies and the students who took care of them?

What did the experiments show about the influence of facial expressions on food preferences?

Which of the following is true about the experiments conducted by Birch and her colleagues with 3- to 6-year-old children's access to snack foods?

What did researchers Brian Wansink and his colleagues find in their study on American World War II veterans?

How did Birch's experiments with preschool children and soup consumption turn out?

What did the experiments conducted by psychologist Sibylle K. Escalona reveal about people's food preferences?

Which factor is likely to change preference for a food, according to research mentioned in the text?

What does the text suggest about our food preferences and aversions?

What can cause serious problems, according to the text?

What is the purpose of taste aversion learning?

Which category does a food fall into if it could cause physical harm if eaten?

What is the main factor that determines whether a food is classified as disgusting?

What is the author's aversion to eating seafood categorized as?

What percentage of the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables do children and adults in the United States consume on average?

What percentage of the recommended amounts of greens and beans do children and adults in the United States consume on average?

What is the term used to describe the fear of vegetables?

What has been found to increase preference for fruits and vegetables in children and adults?

Which of the following is true about the experiments conducted by psychologist Bennett G. Galef with rats?

What did the experiments with college students and food choices reveal?

What did psychologist Clara M. Davis's research involve in the 1920s and 1930s?

Which group of children chose first between the target vegetable and the vegetable preferred by the other three children on the first day of the experiment?

What did the target children increase their choices of during the latter days of the experiment?

What were the effects of the experiment on the target children's reported preferences for the nonpreferred vegetables?

Which group of children did the effects of the experiment appear to be stronger for?

What are the three ways in which food preferences can be transmitted from adult rats to rat pups?

What did Galef and his colleagues show about long-lasting food preferences in rats?

How does advertising influence people's food preferences, according to the text?

How does our culture affect our food preferences, according to the text?

Which of the following factors may contribute to a child's aversion to eating vegetables?

What is a possible reason for the author's aversion to seafood?

What is the likely cause of the acquired aversion to hot dogs after consuming them followed by illness?

What is the likely reason for the author's aversion to eating vegetables as a child?

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