74 Questions
Which country officially approves of entomophagy?
United States
What is the nutritional benefit of consuming 100 grams of caterpillars?
It provides all the daily recommended protein, iron, and vitamins
Why do most people in the United States find eating insects disgusting?
It is not culturally accepted in the United States
Why do people tend to consume more fat than is recommended?
They are genetically predisposed to prefer high-fat foods
What is the caloric density of fat compared to protein and carbohydrate?
Fat contains 9 calories per gram, while protein and carbohydrate each contain 4 calories per gram
What does the research show about people's calorie intake when they are full or consuming other calories?
People eat fewer calories when they are full or consuming other calories
Which of the following is true about sensory specific satiety?
It is influenced by the appearance, taste, and texture of a food
What did psychologist David J. Stang's experiment on spices demonstrate?
Preference for spices recovers after a week without tastings
What did psychologist Barbara J. Rolls and her colleagues show in their experiment with sandwiches?
People consume more sandwiches with different fillings
What is a specific hunger?
A preference for food containing specific nutrients
Which factor is the best predictor of how much 4- to 5-year-old children prefer different fruits and vegetables?
The calorie density of the fruits and vegetables
According to the experiments mentioned, what makes people rate foods, including specific odors and tastes, as more pleasant?
The scarcity of calories in the world
What did the experiments conducted by psychologists Elizabeth H. Zandstra and Wael El-Deredy reveal about participants' drink preferences?
Participants preferred the drink with more calories
What did psychologists Leann L. Birch and Mary Deysher find in their experiments with preschool children?
Preschoolers learned to eat larger amounts of cookies following a high-calorie snack
How do young children and other animals learn what foods they should be eating when their parents are no longer around?
They figure out what is good to eat through trial and error
What did the psychologist Curt P. Richter show in his cafeteria experiments with rats?
Rats can select all the nutrients they need from a wide choice of foods
What did the research done by physician Clara M. Davis in the 1920s and 1930s involve?
Allowing babies to choose their own foods in a hospital setting
What were the two major problems with Clara M. Davis's experiment?
The nurses unconsciously or consciously influenced the babies' choices
Why do some people have a fear of new foods?
Because they have a genetic component that makes them neophobic
What is neophobia?
A fear of new things
How does familiarity with a food influence preference?
It increases preference for the food
What did the experiments by psychologist Patricia Pliner and psychologist Leann L. Birch show?
Experience with the taste of a food is necessary to increase preference for its taste
Which type of learning is described in the text?
Taste aversion learning
What percentage of the aversive foods had never been eaten again, according to the questionnaire?
62%
What type of illness is required for taste aversion learning to occur?
Gastrointestinal illness
Which species have been observed to exhibit taste aversion learning?
Rats and people
What was the name given to taste aversion learning by farmers?
Bait shyness
Who first described taste aversion learning in humans?
Martin E. P. Seligman
How did John Garcia and his colleagues induce taste aversion in rats in their laboratory experiments?
By exposing the rats to a rotating cylinder
According to laboratory research, young children are more likely to try something new if they
see an adult try it first
In the experiment with college students and food choices, the likelihood that a student will eat a new food depends on
what the student sees someone else do
Experiments with rats have shown that rats are more likely to consume a novel food if
they see other rats eating it
Which type of taste pairing can increase preference for the first taste?
Pairing a taste with a better taste
In an experiment with rats, which type of sugar was found to increase preference for a particular flavor of chow more when paired with almond- or vanilla-flavored laboratory chow?
Glucose
What did the experiments conducted by psychologist L. L. Birch and her colleagues with preschool children show?
Engaging in a specific play activity decreased subsequent preference for a specific type of fruit juice
According to the research mentioned, what is the effect of telling children that they can have candy only if they eat spinach?
It decreases the preference for spinach and increases the preference for candy
Which type of rats drank very little of the water that was accompanied by light flashes and clicks in the second part of the experiment?
The rats that were shocked whenever they licked
What did Garcia and Koelling conclude about the association between taste and illness and audiovisual events and shock?
Rats find it easier to associate taste with illness than audiovisual events with shock
What other sensory factor, besides taste, may play an important role in food aversions linked to illness?
Odors
What is the purpose of taste aversion learning?
To help animals survive by avoiding foods that are likely to make them sick
What did Escalona observe about the food preferences of babies in the prison nursery?
Babies showed a consistent dislike for both orange and tomato juice.
What did Escalona's investigation reveal about the caretakers' influence on the babies' food preferences?
The caretakers influenced the babies' food preferences subconsciously.
What did Escalona find when she compared the preferences of the babies and the students who took care of them?
The babies' preferences were influenced by the students' preferences.
What did the experiments show about the influence of facial expressions on food preferences?
Facial expressions of acceptance can increase food preferences.
Which of the following is true about the experiments conducted by Birch and her colleagues with 3- to 6-year-old children's access to snack foods?
The children later tried harder to get those snacks as opposed to other snacks.
What did researchers Brian Wansink and his colleagues find in their study on American World War II veterans?
Veterans who experienced high levels of combat in the Pacific had a lower preference for Chinese and Japanese food compared to veterans who experienced high levels of combat in Europe.
How did Birch's experiments with preschool children and soup consumption turn out?
Simply telling preschool children to 'Finish your soup, please,' resulted in their eating less soup and making far more negative comments about it.
What did the experiments conducted by psychologist Sibylle K. Escalona reveal about people's food preferences?
People's food preferences can change due to social interactions.
Which factor is likely to change preference for a food, according to research mentioned in the text?
Repeated consumption of the food in a familiar sauce
What does the text suggest about our food preferences and aversions?
They reflect our evolutionary heritage
What can cause serious problems, according to the text?
Our evolutionary legacy
What is the purpose of taste aversion learning?
To develop a distaste for certain foods
Which category does a food fall into if it could cause physical harm if eaten?
Dangerous
What is the main factor that determines whether a food is classified as disgusting?
Direct and indirect contact with reactions to the food
What is the author's aversion to eating seafood categorized as?
Disgusting
What percentage of the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables do children and adults in the United States consume on average?
40% and 60%
What percentage of the recommended amounts of greens and beans do children and adults in the United States consume on average?
0.5% and 20%
What is the term used to describe the fear of vegetables?
Lachanophobia
What has been found to increase preference for fruits and vegetables in children and adults?
All of the above
Which of the following is true about the experiments conducted by psychologist Bennett G. Galef with rats?
The experiments investigated the social transmission of food preferences among rats
What did the experiments with college students and food choices reveal?
The likelihood that a student will eat a new food depends on what they see someone else do
What did psychologist Clara M. Davis's research involve in the 1920s and 1930s?
Research on the food preferences of orphaned babies
Which group of children chose first between the target vegetable and the vegetable preferred by the other three children on the first day of the experiment?
The target child
What did the target children increase their choices of during the latter days of the experiment?
Their nonpreferred vegetables
What were the effects of the experiment on the target children's reported preferences for the nonpreferred vegetables?
Their reported preferences for the nonpreferred vegetables increased
Which group of children did the effects of the experiment appear to be stronger for?
The younger children
What are the three ways in which food preferences can be transmitted from adult rats to rat pups?
All of the above
What did Galef and his colleagues show about long-lasting food preferences in rats?
Long-lasting food preferences can be transmitted between adult rats
How does advertising influence people's food preferences, according to the text?
Advertising encourages people to prefer foods that are poor in nutrition
How does our culture affect our food preferences, according to the text?
Our culture influences our food preferences through advertising and TV
Which of the following factors may contribute to a child's aversion to eating vegetables?
Genetically based taste sensitivity to certain chemicals
What is a possible reason for the author's aversion to seafood?
All of the above
What is the likely cause of the acquired aversion to hot dogs after consuming them followed by illness?
Effects of experience
What is the likely reason for the author's aversion to eating vegetables as a child?
Observing the father's eating preferences
Test your knowledge on sensory specific satiety and its impact on food preferences in this short quiz. Learn about the adaptive nature of our taste preferences and how they change after eating. Explore the concept of sensory specific satiety and its implications for our food choices.
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