30 Questions
What is another name for higher order conditioning?
Second-order conditioning
In higher order conditioning, what type of stimuli are involved?
Neutral stimuli
What creates a second order of conditioning in higher order conditioning?
Pairing a new neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus
In the Pavlovian demonstration, what is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (food) causing salivation?
Neutral stimulus (metronome)
What is an example of a neutral stimulus used in higher order conditioning experiments?
Metronome
What is the secondary fear developed in the example of higher order conditioning?
Fear of highways
What is the concept of inhibition of delay in classical conditioning?
Animals learn to anticipate the presentation of an unconditioned stimulus and delay their response accordingly based on the conditioned stimulus.
What does disinhibition refer to in classical conditioning?
The removal of inhibition by presenting a novel stimulus, disrupting the established timing of the conditioned response.
How can the results of Pavlov's inhibitory training procedure be interpreted?
The light has become a conditioned inhibitor, reducing the conditioned response's size.
What is the significance of introducing a novel stimulus in disinhibition?
A novel stimulus can disrupt the established timing of the conditioned response, causing the response to occur faster.
In the context of inhibition of delay, how do animals respond over time to the conditioned stimulus?
Animals begin to estimate the delay and only respond closer to when the unconditioned stimulus is presented.
What is the outcome of the conditioned response in disinhibition during extinction?
The conditioned response may increase in strength.
What refers to reduced conditioning to a familiar stimulus compared to a novel one?
Latent inhibition
Which conditioning process involves a neutral stimulus being associated with another neutral stimulus to produce the same response?
Sensory Preconditioning
What phenomenon refers to the decrease in frequency or intensity of a behavior when it no longer produces reinforcement?
Extinction
What are the important determinants of classical conditioning?
All of the above
Which limitation of classical conditioning can be used in therapeutic settings to prevent taste aversions during chemotherapy?
Overshadowing
What occurs when a new neutral stimulus is associated with the conditioned stimulus, producing the same conditioned response?
Higher Order Conditioning
What is the term for the elimination of a conditioned response through repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Which type of conditioning associates neutral stimuli with the absence or removal of an unconditioned stimulus, inhibiting the occurrence of a conditioned response?
Inhibitory conditioning
What is the term for the phenomenon where the recurrence of negative emotions linked to phobias is a normal occurrence, stemming from residual learning and spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
Spontaneous recovery
Which type of conditioning involves neutral stimuli with the presentation of an unconditioned stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response?
Excitatory conditioning
What is the term for the total duration of exposure to the conditioned stimulus, playing a crucial role in the extinction of the conditioned response?
Duration-dependent extinction
Which type of inhibition in classical conditioning involves the association of a neutral stimulus with the absence or removal of an unconditioned stimulus?
Conditioned inhibition
What is sensory preconditioning in classical conditioning?
Establishing an association between two neutral stimuli before the first-order conditioned response is learned
What happens in second-order conditioning?
Pairing two neutral stimuli before the actual conditioning phase
What can overuse of stimulus pairing lead to in classical conditioning?
Learned irrelevance
What is overshadowing in a compound conditioned stimulus?
One stimulus being more salient than the other, causing the dominant stimulus to overshadow the less dominant one
What role does timing play in classical conditioning?
Timing is crucial, and pairings should be immediate and repetitive for effective learning
What can classical conditioning lead to regarding emotions and unrelated objects or people?
Transfer of emotions due to a conditioned response
Study Notes
Sensory Preconditioning in Classical Conditioning
- Sensory preconditioning is a phenomenon where a conditioned response to an unconditioned stimulus can occur even if the association between the conditioned stimulus and a second neutral stimulus is established before the first-order conditioned response is learned.
- The term "sensory" refers to perceiving two neutral stimuli in the environment, while "preconditioning" indicates the phase before the actual conditioning.
- In a sensory preconditioning experiment, two neutral stimuli (e.g., light and metronome) are presented together without causing any response from the dog during the preconditioning phase.
- In the conditioning phase, one neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food), causing the dog to salivate, establishing a conditioned response.
- After conditioning, when the dog sees the metronome, it starts to salivate, indicating successful sensory preconditioning.
- Sensory preconditioning is the reverse of second-order conditioning where the two neutral stimuli are paired before the actual conditioning phase.
- Timing is crucial in classical conditioning, and pairings should be immediate and repetitive for effective learning.
- Overuse of stimulus pairing can lead to learned irrelevance, making it difficult to establish the relevance of stimuli due to their high frequency.
- In a compound conditioned stimulus, overshadowing can occur where one stimulus is more salient than the other, causing the dominant stimulus to overshadow the less dominant one.
- A new association may fail to develop in classical conditioning if a pre-existing association provides all the predictive information needed.
- The order of neutral stimuli can be varied without much effect, but consistency in presentation is typically maintained, and the magnitude of the conditioned response may decrease with the addition of another stimulus or in higher-order conditioning.
- Classical conditioning can lead to the transfer of emotions to unrelated objects or people due to a conditioned response, and timing and contingency play a significant role in eliciting the strongest conditioned responses.
Test your understanding of sensory preconditioning in classical conditioning with this quiz. Explore the concepts of neutral stimuli pairing, timing in conditioning, learned irrelevance, overshadowing, and the transfer of emotions.
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