3)Senses and Vision - Photoreceptors and Eye Functions

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What is the primary function of the photoreceptors in the eye?

To stimulate specific receptors with white light
To create an image on the retina
To transmit nervous impulses to the optic centers
To change the molecular structure of vision pigments (correct)

What is the function of the eye muscles?

To adjust the curvature of the cornea and lens
To control the reciprocal contraction of the eye (correct)
To provide nutrition for the lens cells
To control the depth perception of the eye

What is the primary purpose of the cornea and lens in the eye?

To bend light and refract it (correct)
To provide nutrition for the lens cells
To create an image on the retina
To transmit nervous impulses to the optic centers

What is the function of the lens in the eye?

To increase or decrease its own convexity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the optic nerve in the eye?

To transmit nervous impulses to the optic centers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the retina in the eye?

To create an image by changing the molecular structure of vision pigments (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lens in the eye?

To refract light and form an image on the retina (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do humans and most mammals perceive images as upside-down?

Because the brain is wired to interpret upside-down images as normal (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about infrared light is true?

Snakes have receptors that can detect infrared light (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the lens unable to regenerate or repair itself?

It lacks organelles and DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many layers of cells make up the lens?

Approximately 1000 layers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lens in the eye?

To converge parallel light rays onto the retina (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the ability of the eye to adjust the focusing power of the lens?

Accommodation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles control the shape of the lens during accommodation?

Ciliary muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the distance between the lens and the focal point?

Focal distance (B) Signup and view all the answers

When does light from an object appear as parallel rays?

When the object is at least 6 meters (or 20 feet) away (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ciliary muscles during accommodation for near vision?

They contract (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components responsible for balance?

3 semi-circular canals, utricle, and saccule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the utricle?

Detect horizontal head position when standing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the statoconia crystals composed of?

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is associated with primitive, innate odor perception related to digestion?

The old pathway bypassing the thalamus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which taste quality is associated with the umami taste?

Savory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the crista ampullaris found in the semi-circular canals?

Detect rotational movements of the head (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lens during accommodation for near vision?

The lens becomes more spherical due to its elastic properties (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of myopia (nearsightedness)?

The eyeball is too short, causing light to focus in front of the retina (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of melanin pigments in the retina?

To inhibit the reflection of light from one retinal point to another (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which retinal receptors are responsible for color vision?

Cones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin A in the visual process?

It forms part of the photosensitive pigments in retinal receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ear contains the organ of Corti, responsible for hearing?

The inner ear (cochlea) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basilar membrane in the cochlea?

To transmit sound vibrations to the organ of Corti (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve carries auditory information from the inner ear to the brain?

The vestibulocochlear nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during light adaptation of the retinal receptors?

The receptors become less sensitive to light (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Ishihara test?

To detect color blindness (A) Signup and view all the answers