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Questions and Answers
What structure relays auditory signals to the primary auditory cortex?
What structure relays auditory signals to the primary auditory cortex?
Higher frequencies of sound waves are perceived as lower pitch.
Higher frequencies of sound waves are perceived as lower pitch.
False
What are the basic tastes recognized by the human tongue?
What are the basic tastes recognized by the human tongue?
Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Umami
Taste receptor cells detect specific chemicals in food and trigger a series of biochemical reactions leading to the generation of __________.
Taste receptor cells detect specific chemicals in food and trigger a series of biochemical reactions leading to the generation of __________.
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Match the cranial nerves with their corresponding function in taste perception:
Match the cranial nerves with their corresponding function in taste perception:
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Which of the following best describes umami?
Which of the following best describes umami?
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The sense of taste operates independently of the sense of smell.
The sense of taste operates independently of the sense of smell.
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In addition to the tongue, where else can taste buds be found?
In addition to the tongue, where else can taste buds be found?
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What type of cells in the retina are responsible for color vision?
What type of cells in the retina are responsible for color vision?
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Rods are primarily responsible for color vision in well-lit conditions.
Rods are primarily responsible for color vision in well-lit conditions.
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What structure in the ear amplifies sound vibrations?
What structure in the ear amplifies sound vibrations?
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What is the primary function of the vestibular sense?
What is the primary function of the vestibular sense?
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The visible part of the ear that helps funnel sound waves is called the ______.
The visible part of the ear that helps funnel sound waves is called the ______.
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Match the following parts of the ear with their functions:
Match the following parts of the ear with their functions:
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The semicircular canals are responsible for detecting linear movements.
The semicircular canals are responsible for detecting linear movements.
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What serves a protective function by alerting an individual to potential harm?
What serves a protective function by alerting an individual to potential harm?
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What is the main role of the optic nerve?
What is the main role of the optic nerve?
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The ability to perceive and distinguish between hot and cold stimuli is called __________.
The ability to perceive and distinguish between hot and cold stimuli is called __________.
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The optic chiasm allows for the integration of visual information from both eyes.
The optic chiasm allows for the integration of visual information from both eyes.
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The three small bones in the middle ear that amplify sound vibrations are called ______.
The three small bones in the middle ear that amplify sound vibrations are called ______.
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Match the following components of the vestibular system with their functions:
Match the following components of the vestibular system with their functions:
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Which part of the inner ear helps detect gravity?
Which part of the inner ear helps detect gravity?
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Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration?
Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration?
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Cold receptors respond to increases in temperature.
Cold receptors respond to increases in temperature.
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How does the vestibular system send signals to the brain about movement?
How does the vestibular system send signals to the brain about movement?
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Nociceptors are responsible for detecting changes in temperature.
Nociceptors are responsible for detecting changes in temperature.
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What is the term for the ability to discriminate between different stimuli such as textures and shapes?
What is the term for the ability to discriminate between different stimuli such as textures and shapes?
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The specialized receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints that provide information about body position are called __________.
The specialized receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints that provide information about body position are called __________.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of sensory receptors in the touch system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of sensory receptors in the touch system?
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Match the type of mechanoreceptor to its function:
Match the type of mechanoreceptor to its function:
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Touching something sends electrical signals to the brain via __________.
Touching something sends electrical signals to the brain via __________.
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What contributes to our sense of body awareness and coordination?
What contributes to our sense of body awareness and coordination?
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What is the primary role of the olfactory epithelium?
What is the primary role of the olfactory epithelium?
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Olfaction only plays a role in the perception of flavors.
Olfaction only plays a role in the perception of flavors.
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What happens during taste adaptation?
What happens during taste adaptation?
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Odor molecules are also known as ______.
Odor molecules are also known as ______.
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Match the component of the olfactory system with its description:
Match the component of the olfactory system with its description:
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Which structure sends signals to the primary olfactory cortex?
Which structure sends signals to the primary olfactory cortex?
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Humans can discriminate between a limited number of different odors.
Humans can discriminate between a limited number of different odors.
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The olfactory receptors initiate a ______ signal when an odorant binds to them.
The olfactory receptors initiate a ______ signal when an odorant binds to them.
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Study Notes
Experimental Psychology PSY 2103
- Course information includes the date (12/12/2024) and course name: Experimental Psychology PSY 2103.
Senses - Vision
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Photoreceptors: Specialized cells in the retina (rods and cones). Rods are sensitive to low light, while cones are responsible for color vision and details in well-lit conditions.
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Process of Vision:
- Light Entering the Eye: Light enters through the cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, and lens, focusing on the retina.
- Retina: Photoreceptors convert light energy to electrical signals.
- Optic Nerve: Transmits these signals to the brain for processing.
Visual Pathways
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Optic Chiasm: Some fibers from each eye cross to the opposite side of the brain, allowing integration of both eyes' information.
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Color Vision: Cones in the retina are responsible for color vision (red, green, and blue).
Ear
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Audition: The sense of hearing. The ear detects and interprets sound waves.
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Outer Ear:
- Pinna: Collects and funnels sound waves.
- Ear Canal: Carries sound waves to the eardrum.
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Middle Ear:
- Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane): Vibrates when struck by sound waves, amplifying them.
- Ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes): Transmit and amplify vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
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Inner Ear:
- Cochlea: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure containing hair cells that convert vibrations into electrical signals.
- Vestibular System: Adjacent to the cochlea, contributing to balance and spatial orientation.
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Auditory Nerve: Transmits auditory signals from hair cells to the brain.
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Auditory Processing:
- signals are relayed to the thalamus.
- Information is sent to the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe for processing and interpretation.
- Pitch is determined by frequency.
- Loudness is determined by amplitude.
Taste
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Gustation: The sense of taste. Specialized sensory receptors on the tongue and other parts of the mouth detect different flavors.
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Taste Buds: Small structures found on papillae of the tongue, the roof of the mouth, and the back of the throat.
- Each taste bud consists of specialized cells, including taste receptor cells.
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Basic Tastes:
- Sweet (sugars/carbohydrates)
- Salty (sodium)
- Sour (acids)
- Bitter (alkaline substances/harmful compounds)
- Umami (amino acids, particularly glutamate)
Smell
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Olfaction: The sense of smell. The olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity has specialized olfactory receptor neurons, detecting odor molecules.
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Detection of Odors: Odorants (airborne chemicals) bind to receptors on olfactory receptor neurons, initiating a neural signal.
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Processing:
- Olfactory bulbs send signals to the olfactory cortex.
- Information is processed in the limbic system, affecting emotions and memories.
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Signal Transmission: Neural signals are generated and travel through the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb.
Touch
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Somatosensation: The sense of touch. Specialized sensory receptors in the skin detect pressure, temperature, and pain.
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Sensory Receptors:
- Mechanoreceptors (respond to pressure/deformation):
- Pacinian corpuscles (deep pressure/vibration).
- Thermoreceptors (detect temp).
- Nociceptors (detect pain).
- Mechanoreceptors (respond to pressure/deformation):
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Key Receptors:
- Meissner's corpuscles (detect light touch/texture changes).
- Merkel cells/discs(detect pressure/texture).
- Ruffini endings (detect skin stretch/sustained pressure).
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Proprioception: Specialized receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints provide information about body position & movement.
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Temperature Sensation: Thermoreceptors detect temperature changes.
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Pain Perception: Nociceptors detect noxious stimuli causing pain.
Vestibular Sense
- Balance and Spatial Orientation: The vestibular sense allows for balance and understanding body movement in space.
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Components:
- Semicircular canals (detect rotational movements).
- Otolith organs (detect linear movements/gravity).
- How it Works: Fluid movement in the inner ear stimulates hair-like cells, sending signals about movements to the brain for processing.
- Importance: Essential for balance, coordination, and spatial orientation. Problems can cause dizziness and motion sickness.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics related to vision within the context of Experimental Psychology PSY 2103. It includes details about photoreceptors, the process of vision, and visual pathways. Test your knowledge about how the eye and brain work together to process visual information.
