Questions and Answers
What is the term for Britain and, from 1917, the U.S. during World War?
What is the definition of reparation?
Compensation demanded by the victor from its vanquished foe
What does asocial mean?
Unable or unwilling to conform to normal standards of social behavior; antisocial
What is a collaborator?
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What is euthanasia?
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What does it mean to exterminate?
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What is propaganda?
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What does apartheid refer to?
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What is attrition?
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What is the meaning of uitlander?
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What does bolshevik mean?
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What is bourgeoisie?
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What are Mensheviks?
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What is negotiation?
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What does proletariat refer to?
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What is a serf?
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What is serfdom?
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What does pragmatism mean?
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What is liberalism?
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What is republicanism?
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What does socialism mean?
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What is utilitarianism?
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What does atonal mean?
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What is dissonance?
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What is a nocturne?
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What is a prelude?
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What is syncopation?
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What musical instruments characterize the impressionist movement?
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The 'twelve-tone' technique _____?
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What composer became an American citizen in 1940?
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Romantic composers _____?
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Who pioneered classical ragtime music?
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Igor Stravinsky shocked the music world when writing his ballet by adding ____________ to 'The Firebird.'
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What style of music created a dissonant sound using uncommon scales?
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Syncopation _____?
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The system of social organization in which the means of producing and distributing goods is owned collectively or by a centralized government that often plans and controls the economy is called _____.
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What were some of the consequences of the 1911 Revolution?
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What territories declared their independence from China following the 1911 Revolution?
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What aspects of society, the culture of the people, were changed following the 1911 Revolution?
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The students in the May Fourth Intellectual Movement rejected classical written Chinese in favor of a new vernacular Chinese called _____.
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Which of the following was NOT one of the Western ideas accepted by the Chinese intellectuals?
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Which of the following were Western ideas accepted by the Chinese intellectuals?
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After the 1949 Communist Revolution, how did the life of peasants change?
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Who proclaimed the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949?
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What program was intended to overcome the backwardness of China's economy, technology, and industry?
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The Russian Revolution of 1905 had its roots in _____?
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What were the major theatres of the Russo-Japanese War?
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What did the 'Emancipation Manifesto' do?
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Name two of the secret revolutionary groups in Russia.
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Who was the last czar of Russia?
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Who was the leader of the Mensheviks?
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What did the 'October Manifesto' do?
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Why was the Revolution of 1905 called 'the dress rehearsal for the 1917 Revolution'?
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Who did the Dutch lose the Cape of Good Hope to?
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The Anglo-Boer War was fought between the?
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What primarily caused tension between the British and Boers?
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What are some origins or causes of the Anglo-Boer War?
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What two states did the Boers leave Cape Colony to begin?
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What was the motivation of the motherland to keep the Anglo-Boer War going?
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Another name for Nazi Germany was the _____?
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What were two things the Jews were blamed for by German propaganda?
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The word Aryan actually refers to _____?
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The areas in Poland where Jews were forced to live were called _____?
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Where was the most infamous concentration camp located?
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What were the Judenrates?
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World War II began with the German invasion of _____?
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Why were the Japanese kamikaze pilots willing to crash their planes and die?
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What finally persuaded U.S. President Harry Truman to use the atomic bomb on Japan?
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Because of the devastation of World War I, how would you describe international attitudes toward Germany?
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What were two terms of the peace treaty?
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The treaty ending World War I was signed at the Palace of _____?
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What future world leader got his start as a result of Germany's misery following World War I?
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How did the Japanese see the American people?
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What did Tojo, the Japanese military leader and prime minister, persuade the emperor to do?
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Study Notes
Vocabulary and Definitions
- Allies: Nations opposing student, including Britain and the U.S. from 1917 during World War I.
- Reparation: Compensation demanded from a defeated foe by the victors.
- Asocial: A term describing individuals unwilling or unable to conform to standard social behaviors, synonymous with antisocial.
- Collaborator: Someone who cooperates with an enemy nation, particularly in an occupation scenario.
- Euthanasia: The act of ending life to relieve suffering from an incurable condition, typically through lethal injection or withholding treatment.
- Exterminate: To completely destroy or eliminate.
- Propaganda: The dissemination of ideas or information to promote or harm an institution, cause, or individual.
- Apartheid: A South African policy of institutionalized racial segregation affecting non-whites politically, economically, and legally.
- Attrition: The process of weakening resistance through continuous pressure or harassment.
- Uitlander: An Afrikaans term meaning 'foreigner,' used for foreign migrant workers in South Africa.
- Bolshevik: A member of the radical faction of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party that led the October Revolution.
- Bourgeoisie: The middle class, often associated with materialistic values.
- Mensheviks: The faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party that represented the minority liberal viewpoint.
- Negotiation: Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement.
- Proletariat: The working class, particularly those without ownership of means of production.
- Serf: A member of the lowest class in the feudal system, often bound to the land.
- Serfdom: The status of being a serf, with farmland owned by the nobility and worked by enslaved individuals.
- Pragmatism: A philosophy prioritizing practical results over theoretical considerations.
- Liberalism: A political ideology advocating for social reform through legal changes rather than revolution.
- Republicanism: The belief that a republic is the most effective form of governance.
- Socialism: A system where means of production and distribution are owned by the community or government.
- Utilitarianism: A theory focusing on the practical utility of actions rather than their aesthetic appeal.
- Atonal: Music lacking a tonal center or key.
- Dissonance: Sounds that clash or are unpleasant, contrary to harmony.
- Nocturne: A musical piece that conveys a dreamy, reflective mood, typically written for piano.
- Prelude: An introductory piece of music leading into the main composition.
- Syncopation: A musical technique emphasizing weak beats in a rhythm.
Historical Context and Events
- Impressionism in Music: Characterized by the use of woodwinds, strings, and harp.
- Twelve-tone Technique: Ensures equal importance of all twelve notes and is linked to Arnold Schoenberg.
- Igor Stravinsky: Became a U.S. citizen in 1940 and caused a stir in music by combining jazz with classical elements in works like 'The Firebird'.
- 1911 Revolution in China: Resulted in provincial decentralization, ended monarchical rule, and promoted republicanism, with territories like Tibet and Mongolia declaring independence.
- May Fourth Intellectual Movement: Advocated for vernacular Chinese (pai-hua) over classical Chinese.
- Economic Changes Post-1949 Revolution: Establishment of collective farms improved opportunities for previously landless peasants.
- People's Republic of China founded on October 1, 1949, by Mao Zedong, who aimed to modernize the economy through initiatives like the Great Leap Forward.
Russian Revolution Insights
- Roots of 1905 Revolution: Initiated by the Russo-Japanese War and domestic political/economic unrest.
- Key Locations: Significant battles occurred at Port Arthur, Mukden, and along the railway to Harbin.
- Emancipation Manifesto: Freed serfs and allocated land to them.
- Revolutionary Groups: Two secret factions were Populists and Nihilists.
- Nicholas II: The last czar of Russia, faced significant opposition leading to the October Manifesto, which granted civil liberties and established a legislature.
- 1905 Revolution: Seen as a precursor to the 1917 Revolution, reflecting unresolved issues within society.
Conflict and Impact
- Anglo-Boer War: Conflict between British settlers and Boers stemming from cultural and religious tensions.
- Economic Factors: British imposition of taxes and control measures fueled conflict.
- Continuation of War: The British grew weary, lacking motivation to persist in the war.
- World War II Beginnings: Sparked by Germany’s invasion of Poland; seen through the lens of political and social tensions throughout Europe.
- Japanese Kamikaze: Pilots believed death in combat was preferable to capture, illustrating commitment to national honor.
- Truman's Decision: The use of the atomic bomb on Japan was influenced by the perception that Japan would not surrender.
Consequences of World War I
- Post-War Attitudes: Global sentiment sought to punish Germany, evidenced in treaties that favored victors.
- Treaty of Versailles: Signed at the Palace of Versailles marking the end of World War I and holding Germany liable for damages.
- Rise of Hitler: The dire economic conditions in Germany post-war facilitated the ascent of Adolf Hitler to power.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Semester 2, Unit 3. This set includes key terms related to societal behavior and historical events, perfect for quick reviews. Improve your understanding and retention of important concepts.