Semester 2 Unit 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the term for Britain and, from 1917, the U.S. during World War?

Collaborator

Reparation

Allies (correct)

Bolshevik

What is the definition of reparation?

Compensation demanded by the victor from its vanquished foe

What does asocial mean?

Unable or unwilling to conform to normal standards of social behavior; antisocial

What is a collaborator?

A person who cooperates, usually willingly, with an enemy nation, especially with an enemy occupying one's country Signup and view all the answers

What is euthanasia?

Practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from an incurable condition, as by lethal injection or withholding medical treatment Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to exterminate?

To get rid of by destroying; destroy totally Signup and view all the answers

What is propaganda?

The spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person Signup and view all the answers

What does apartheid refer to?

A South African social policy of racial segregation involving political, economic, and legal discrimination against non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What is attrition?

A wearing-down or weakening of resistance as a result of continuous pressure or harassment Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of uitlander?

Term from Afrikaans for 'foreigner', was the name given to foreign migrant workers Signup and view all the answers

What does bolshevik mean?

A member of the left-wing majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party Signup and view all the answers

What is bourgeoisie?

Middle class Signup and view all the answers

What are Mensheviks?

A member of the liberal minority group of the Russian Social Democratic Party Signup and view all the answers

What is negotiation?

Mutual discussion and arrangement of the terms of a transaction or agreement Signup and view all the answers

What does proletariat refer to?

The poorest class of working people in society Signup and view all the answers

What is a serf?

A member of the lowest feudal class Signup and view all the answers

What is serfdom?

Farmland owned by nobility and run by enslaved workers Signup and view all the answers

What does pragmatism mean?

A way of thinking that is more concerned with results than with theories Signup and view all the answers

What is liberalism?

A political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution Signup and view all the answers

What is republicanism?

The political orientation of those who hold that a republic is the best form of government Signup and view all the answers

What does socialism mean?

Any of various theories or systems of social organization in which the means of producing and distributing goods is owned collectively or by a centralized government that often plans and controls the economy Signup and view all the answers

What is utilitarianism?

Theory that emphasizes practical usefulness of things, not their outward beauty Signup and view all the answers

What does atonal mean?

Lacking a tonal center or key; characterized by atonality Signup and view all the answers

What is dissonance?

Disagreeable sounds; opposite of harmony Signup and view all the answers

What is a nocturne?

An instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy mood, especially one for the piano Signup and view all the answers

What is a prelude?

A piece of music played as an introduction to the main piece Signup and view all the answers

What is syncopation?

A shift of accent in a passage or composition that occurs when a normally weak beat is stressed Signup and view all the answers

What musical instruments characterize the impressionist movement?

Woodwinds, strings, harp Signup and view all the answers

The 'twelve-tone' technique _____?

Ensures that the 12 notes are given equal importance, is characterized by the works of Arnold Schoenberg Signup and view all the answers

What composer became an American citizen in 1940?

Igor Stravinsky Signup and view all the answers

Romantic composers _____?

Were unhappy about the world, time, and place in which they lived, resisted following social values Signup and view all the answers

Who pioneered classical ragtime music?

Scott Joplin Signup and view all the answers

Igor Stravinsky shocked the music world when writing his ballet by adding ____________ to 'The Firebird.'

Jazz Signup and view all the answers

What style of music created a dissonant sound using uncommon scales?

Impressionism Signup and view all the answers

Syncopation _____?

Is the technique of placing the accent on a normally weak beat, is characterized by a rhythmical succession of single tones producing a distinct musical phrase or idea Signup and view all the answers

The system of social organization in which the means of producing and distributing goods is owned collectively or by a centralized government that often plans and controls the economy is called _____.

Socialism Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the consequences of the 1911 Revolution?

Increased provincial decentralization, end to monarchical form of government, practice of republicanism Signup and view all the answers

What territories declared their independence from China following the 1911 Revolution?

Tibet, Mongolia Signup and view all the answers

What aspects of society, the culture of the people, were changed following the 1911 Revolution?

Western ideas of education, dress, and modernization were accepted Signup and view all the answers

The students in the May Fourth Intellectual Movement rejected classical written Chinese in favor of a new vernacular Chinese called _____.

Pai-hua Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the Western ideas accepted by the Chinese intellectuals?

Imperialism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following were Western ideas accepted by the Chinese intellectuals?

Utilitarianism, democracy, liberalism Signup and view all the answers

After the 1949 Communist Revolution, how did the life of peasants change?

Collective farms were created and distributed among those never with opportunity before, the peasants. Signup and view all the answers

Who proclaimed the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949?

Mao Zedong Signup and view all the answers

What program was intended to overcome the backwardness of China's economy, technology, and industry?

The Great Leap Forward Signup and view all the answers

The Russian Revolution of 1905 had its roots in _____?

Russo-Japanese War, economic and political issues Signup and view all the answers

What were the major theatres of the Russo-Japanese War?

Port Arthur, Liaodong Peninsula, Yangtze River, Mukden, Yellow Sea, Tsushima Straits, along the railway line from Port Arthur to Harbin Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'Emancipation Manifesto' do?

Set serfs free and gave them land Signup and view all the answers

Name two of the secret revolutionary groups in Russia.

Populists, Nihilists Signup and view all the answers

Who was the last czar of Russia?

Nicholas II Signup and view all the answers

Who was the leader of the Mensheviks?

Martov Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'October Manifesto' do?

Granted freedom of speech and assembly, created an elected legislature Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Revolution of 1905 called 'the dress rehearsal for the 1917 Revolution'?

The actors, the masses, peasant unions, and soviets, were all the same with unresolved issues. Signup and view all the answers

Who did the Dutch lose the Cape of Good Hope to?

British Signup and view all the answers

The Anglo-Boer War was fought between the?

English and Boers Signup and view all the answers

What primarily caused tension between the British and Boers?

Religion, culture Signup and view all the answers

What are some origins or causes of the Anglo-Boer War?

British resistance to Dutch colonial control of Africa, the dynamite tax and proposed railroad construction Signup and view all the answers

What two states did the Boers leave Cape Colony to begin?

Orange Free State, Transvaal Signup and view all the answers

What was the motivation of the motherland to keep the Anglo-Boer War going?

There was no motivation; the British grew tired of war. Signup and view all the answers

Another name for Nazi Germany was the _____?

Third Reich Signup and view all the answers

What were two things the Jews were blamed for by German propaganda?

Economic depression, Germany's defeat in World War I Signup and view all the answers

The word Aryan actually refers to _____?

Language Signup and view all the answers

The areas in Poland where Jews were forced to live were called _____?

Ghettos Signup and view all the answers

Where was the most infamous concentration camp located?

Auschwitz Signup and view all the answers

What were the Judenrates?

Jewish councils Signup and view all the answers

World War II began with the German invasion of _____?

Poland Signup and view all the answers

Why were the Japanese kamikaze pilots willing to crash their planes and die?

The Japanese believed 'It's better to die than to be captured.' Signup and view all the answers

What finally persuaded U.S. President Harry Truman to use the atomic bomb on Japan?

It seemed that the Japanese would never surrender, no matter how badly they were beaten back. Signup and view all the answers

Because of the devastation of World War I, how would you describe international attitudes toward Germany?

The world sought revenge through a peace treaty naming Germany as responsible for damages. Signup and view all the answers

What were two terms of the peace treaty?

Borders of some European nations changed, The League of Nations was formed. Signup and view all the answers

The treaty ending World War I was signed at the Palace of _____?

Versailles Signup and view all the answers

What future world leader got his start as a result of Germany's misery following World War I?

Adolf Hitler Signup and view all the answers

How did the Japanese see the American people?

As decadent and unscrupulous Signup and view all the answers

What did Tojo, the Japanese military leader and prime minister, persuade the emperor to do?

Attack the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vocabulary and Definitions

Allies: Nations opposing student, including Britain and the U.S. from 1917 during World War I.
Reparation: Compensation demanded from a defeated foe by the victors.
Asocial: A term describing individuals unwilling or unable to conform to standard social behaviors, synonymous with antisocial.
Collaborator: Someone who cooperates with an enemy nation, particularly in an occupation scenario.
Euthanasia: The act of ending life to relieve suffering from an incurable condition, typically through lethal injection or withholding treatment.
Exterminate: To completely destroy or eliminate.
Propaganda: The dissemination of ideas or information to promote or harm an institution, cause, or individual.
Apartheid: A South African policy of institutionalized racial segregation affecting non-whites politically, economically, and legally.
Attrition: The process of weakening resistance through continuous pressure or harassment.
Uitlander: An Afrikaans term meaning 'foreigner,' used for foreign migrant workers in South Africa.
Bolshevik: A member of the radical faction of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party that led the October Revolution.
Bourgeoisie: The middle class, often associated with materialistic values.
Mensheviks: The faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party that represented the minority liberal viewpoint.
Negotiation: Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement.
Proletariat: The working class, particularly those without ownership of means of production.
Serf: A member of the lowest class in the feudal system, often bound to the land.
Serfdom: The status of being a serf, with farmland owned by the nobility and worked by enslaved individuals.
Pragmatism: A philosophy prioritizing practical results over theoretical considerations.
Liberalism: A political ideology advocating for social reform through legal changes rather than revolution.
Republicanism: The belief that a republic is the most effective form of governance.
Socialism: A system where means of production and distribution are owned by the community or government.
Utilitarianism: A theory focusing on the practical utility of actions rather than their aesthetic appeal.
Atonal: Music lacking a tonal center or key.
Dissonance: Sounds that clash or are unpleasant, contrary to harmony.
Nocturne: A musical piece that conveys a dreamy, reflective mood, typically written for piano.
Prelude: An introductory piece of music leading into the main composition.
Syncopation: A musical technique emphasizing weak beats in a rhythm.

Historical Context and Events

Impressionism in Music: Characterized by the use of woodwinds, strings, and harp.
Twelve-tone Technique: Ensures equal importance of all twelve notes and is linked to Arnold Schoenberg.
Igor Stravinsky: Became a U.S. citizen in 1940 and caused a stir in music by combining jazz with classical elements in works like 'The Firebird'.
1911 Revolution in China: Resulted in provincial decentralization, ended monarchical rule, and promoted republicanism, with territories like Tibet and Mongolia declaring independence.
May Fourth Intellectual Movement: Advocated for vernacular Chinese (pai-hua) over classical Chinese.
Economic Changes Post-1949 Revolution: Establishment of collective farms improved opportunities for previously landless peasants.
People's Republic of China founded on October 1, 1949, by Mao Zedong, who aimed to modernize the economy through initiatives like the Great Leap Forward.

Russian Revolution Insights

Roots of 1905 Revolution: Initiated by the Russo-Japanese War and domestic political/economic unrest.
Key Locations: Significant battles occurred at Port Arthur, Mukden, and along the railway to Harbin.
Emancipation Manifesto: Freed serfs and allocated land to them.
Revolutionary Groups: Two secret factions were Populists and Nihilists.
Nicholas II: The last czar of Russia, faced significant opposition leading to the October Manifesto, which granted civil liberties and established a legislature.
1905 Revolution: Seen as a precursor to the 1917 Revolution, reflecting unresolved issues within society.

Conflict and Impact

Anglo-Boer War: Conflict between British settlers and Boers stemming from cultural and religious tensions.
Economic Factors: British imposition of taxes and control measures fueled conflict.
Continuation of War: The British grew weary, lacking motivation to persist in the war.
World War II Beginnings: Sparked by Germany’s invasion of Poland; seen through the lens of political and social tensions throughout Europe.
Japanese Kamikaze: Pilots believed death in combat was preferable to capture, illustrating commitment to national honor.
Truman's Decision: The use of the atomic bomb on Japan was influenced by the perception that Japan would not surrender.

Consequences of World War I

Post-War Attitudes: Global sentiment sought to punish Germany, evidenced in treaties that favored victors.
Treaty of Versailles: Signed at the Palace of Versailles marking the end of World War I and holding Germany liable for damages.
Rise of Hitler: The dire economic conditions in Germany post-war facilitated the ascent of Adolf Hitler to power.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Semester 2, Unit 3. This set includes key terms related to societal behavior and historical events, perfect for quick reviews. Improve your understanding and retention of important concepts.