Questions and Answers
What is socialization?
What are the three levels of socialization?
Primary, Secondary, and Adult
What is primary socialization?
From birth to beginning of school
What is secondary socialization?
Signup and view all the answers
What is adult socialization?
Signup and view all the answers
What does heritability refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Tabula Rasa?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the self?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the looking-glass self?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three stages of the looking-glass self?
Signup and view all the answers
What does George Herbert Mead say the self is composed of?
Signup and view all the answers
What are significant others?
Signup and view all the answers
What are agents in socialization?
Signup and view all the answers
What are agencies in socialization?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a total institution?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the eight stages of human development according to Erik Erikson?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Socialization Concepts
- Socialization: Process where individuals learn norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors of their group.
- Personality: Distinctive patterns of behavior, thinking, and feelings unique to each individual.
- Social construction of reality: Defined by background assumptions and life experiences that shape perceptions of reality.
Levels of Socialization
- Primary Socialization: Begins at birth; crucial for molding a newborn into a socially capable being.
- Secondary Socialization: Occurs later in childhood and adolescence, influenced by schools and non-family members.
- Adult Socialization: Emerges as individuals take on adult roles like spouse, parent, or employee.
Influences on Socialization
- Heritability: Proportion of personality and biological traits influenced by genetic factors.
- Tabula Rasa: Theory asserting humans are born without mental capacities and learn through social interaction.
The Self and Identity
- Self: Core of personality, encompassing the conscious experience of a unique identity.
- Self-concept: Total perceptions and beliefs an individual holds about themselves.
Feral Children
- Feral Children: Individuals raised without standard socialization influences.
- Three Categories:
- Children raised in isolation.
- Children raised in confinement.
- Children raised by animals.
Theories of Self Development
- Charles Horton Cooley: Proposed self develops through social interaction.
- Looking-Glass Self: Three-stage process in self-development:
- Imagining how actions appear to others.
- Interpreting judgments of those actions.
- Making self-judgment based on perceived judgments.
George Herbert Mead's Contributions
- Mead: Suggested the self is composed of two components:
- "I": Represents free expression and spontaneity.
- "Me": Represents learned behaviors through socialization.
Social Viewing Concepts
- Significant Others: Key individuals whose evaluations are influential in shaping the self.
- Generalized Others: Societal viewpoints and attitudes important to the self-concept.
Erik Erikson's Development Stages
- Lifelong development: Emphasizes continuous progression through stages even in adulthood.
- Eight Stages of Development:
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Identity vs. Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Integrity vs. Despair
Agents and Agencies of Socialization
- Agents: Individuals who contribute to socialization, including family, friends, and peers.
- Agencies: Institutions involved in socialization such as family, schools, and media.
Total Institutions
- Total Institution: Entities that govern nearly every aspect of members' lives.
- Erving Goffman: Explored total institutions in his work, "Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients."
Dramaturgy Theory
- Dramaturgy: Goffman's concept in "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life," suggesting individuals manage their public persona in social encounters.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your understanding of key concepts related to socialization with this collection of flashcards. Each card defines important terms such as socialization, personality, and the social construction of reality, crucial for grasping the dynamics of group behavior and individual identity.
