Self-Esteem Basics and Measurement

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Questions and Answers

What type of scale is used in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to measure self-worth?

5-point Likert scale

10-point Likert scale

Binary scale

4-point Likert scale (correct)

How many items are included in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?

20 items

10 items (correct)

5 items

15 items

According to research by Bleidorn et al. (2016), how do self-esteem levels vary by gender?

Females consistently report higher self-esteem than males.

Self-esteem is not affected by gender.

Males consistently report higher self-esteem than females. (correct)

Self-esteem levels are equal across genders.

What happens to self-esteem as individuals age from late adolescence to middle adulthood?

Self-esteem increases significantly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items would be scored in reverse on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?

I certainly feel useless at times. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?

Measuring global self-worth Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a higher score on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?

Indicates higher self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

In terms of research on self-esteem, what was a key finding in the meta-analysis by Orth et al. (2018)?

Self-esteem develops continuously from age 4 to 94. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the longitudinal cohort study conducted in 1997 and 2000?

To clarify relationships between Body Mass Index (BMI) and self-esteem in young children Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the findings regarding overweight/obese children in relation to their self-esteem?

Overweight/obese children had lower median self-esteem scores than nonoverweight children Signup and view all the answers

What does the study suggest about the relationship between self-esteem and body mass in children?

Overweight/obesity precedes low self-esteem in many children Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with low self-esteem in children according to the content?

Witnessing inter-parental violence Signup and view all the answers

In adults, what is the impact of physical abuse on self-esteem?

Physical abuse is associated with significantly lower self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What links childhood sexual abuse (CSA) to self-esteem in adults, according to the studies?

CSA is linked to lower self-esteem beginning in adulthood Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is associated with females who report lower self-esteem?

Initiating sex earlier and having risky partners Signup and view all the answers

What implication does the study suggest regarding prevention and management of childhood overweight/obesity?

Interventions should begin early to minimize impacts on self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What does self-esteem primarily refer to?

Our positive and negative evaluations of ourselves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is most closely related to global self-esteem?

Overall feelings of self-worth Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by stable self-esteem?

Self-esteem that remains constant despite negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of defensive high self-esteem?

Has fragile positive self-views Signup and view all the answers

How can self-esteem be characterized in terms of its stability?

It can vary among different individuals and contexts. Signup and view all the answers

What does specific self-esteem relate to?

Particular contexts and individual attributes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding self-esteem is true?

Global self-esteem influences specific self-evaluations. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Latin origin of the term 'self-esteem' imply?

It refers to the understanding of self-worth. Signup and view all the answers

What was the finding of Althof et al (2003) regarding men and self-esteem?

Men experienced significantly increased self-esteem after treatment. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of self-esteem and leadership, how are individuals with high self-esteem characterized?

They are self-reliant in decision-making. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion does the 2003 article make about the benefits of high self-esteem?

High self-esteem has only a couple of benefits. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative consequence of pursuing high self-esteem?

Harmful societal outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'threatened egotism' refer to?

Hostile aggression in response to criticism. Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how is high self-esteem related to prejudice?

It is associated with higher levels of prejudice. Signup and view all the answers

How can self-esteem be categorized?

Global and specific self-esteem. Signup and view all the answers

What does research suggest about the relationship between high self-esteem and school performance?

Good school performance leads to high self-esteem. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the self-concept?

The sum total of beliefs about oneself Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method through which people acquire knowledge about themselves?

Dream analysis Signup and view all the answers

How is self-esteem linked to social behavior?

Self-esteem is posited as a basis for various social behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about self-esteem?

Self-esteem is static and unchangeable Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is often NOT influenced by self-beliefs according to the context provided?

Career choices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about self-esteem is accurate?

Self-esteem can be influenced by social identity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an ego-centric function of attribution?

Justifying personal successes and failures Signup and view all the answers

Why is self-esteem considered interesting in psychology?

It is seen as a determinant of social behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Self-Esteem: The Basics

Self-esteem is an affective component of the self, a perception, not a reality.
Self-esteem is a multi-faceted concept, encompassing both global and specific self-esteem.
Self-esteem is not static; it can fluctuate over time and between individuals.
Secure high self-esteem is characterized by positive self-views confidently held, while defensive high self-esteem features positive self-views that are fragile.

Measuring Self-Esteem

The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale is a widely used 10-item measure of global self-worth.
The scale uses a 4-point Likert scale and measures positive or negative feelings about the self.

Correlates of Self-Esteem

Self-esteem is positively correlated with age and gender (males tend to report higher self-esteem).
Higher BMI (Body Mass Index) is associated with lower self-esteem in young children.
Low self-esteem in children is linked to parenting styles, including witnessing domestic violence and childhood abuse.
Low self-esteem in women has been correlated with experiencing physical abuse, while low self-esteem in men is linked to both victimization and perpetration of domestic violence.
Childhood sexual abuse is linked to lower self-esteem, with effects appearing around age 30.
Lower self-esteem in women is associated with early sexual initiation and risky relationships, while treatment for sexual dysfunction can increase self-esteem in men.
High self-esteem is linked to confidence in leadership and decision-making.

Benefits and Disadvantages of High Self-Esteem

Research suggests that high self-esteem is not a panacea for all societal ills.
High self-esteem can lead to harmful consequences, such as narcissism and aggression.
The pursuit of high self-esteem as an end goal can have negative impacts.

Summary

Self-esteem is a complex construct with various influences and potential consequences.
Understanding the nuances of self-esteem is crucial for understanding individual well-being and societal dynamics.
Further research is necessary to explore the multifaceted nature of self-esteem and its role in human behavior.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of self-esteem, including its definition, measurement, and fluctuating nature. This quiz examines the correlations between self-esteem and various factors such as age, gender, and parenting styles, alongside tools like Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale.