Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which country values high self-esteem to a greater extent than people in other countries?
Which country values high self-esteem to a greater extent than people in other countries?
- South Africa
- New Zealand (correct)
- Kenya
- Japan
What is the relationship between self-esteem and social comparisons in middle childhood?
What is the relationship between self-esteem and social comparisons in middle childhood?
- Self-esteem increases as children compare themselves to others
- Self-esteem declines slightly as children compare themselves to others (correct)
- Self-esteem is not affected by social comparisons
- Self-esteem remains stable as children compare themselves to others
What are the consequences of having low self-esteem in middle childhood in Western countries?
What are the consequences of having low self-esteem in middle childhood in Western countries?
- Positive emotional states
- Antisocial behavior
- Anxiety and depression (correct)
- High self-esteem
Which area is the strongest contributor to overall self-esteem for most children and adolescents?
Which area is the strongest contributor to overall self-esteem for most children and adolescents?
How do children combine their different areas of self-concept into an overall level of self-esteem?
How do children combine their different areas of self-concept into an overall level of self-esteem?
In which case would low athletic self-concept have no effect on overall self-esteem?
In which case would low athletic self-concept have no effect on overall self-esteem?
Which cultural setting values self-criticism as a virtue and considers high self-esteem a character problem?
Which cultural setting values self-criticism as a virtue and considers high self-esteem a character problem?
In which transition does self-esteem decline slightly as children enter a school environment?
In which transition does self-esteem decline slightly as children enter a school environment?
Which type of countries have higher self-esteem scores, according to cross-cultural research?
Which type of countries have higher self-esteem scores, according to cross-cultural research?
Which specific areas do children have self-concepts for?
Which specific areas do children have self-concepts for?
What is the relationship between self-concept and overall self-esteem?
What is the relationship between self-concept and overall self-esteem?
What is the strongest contributor to overall self-esteem for most children and adolescents?
What is the strongest contributor to overall self-esteem for most children and adolescents?
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Study Notes
Self-Esteem Across Cultures and Developmental Stages
- The United States values high self-esteem to a greater extent than people in other countries.
Self-Esteem and Social Comparisons
- In middle childhood, self-esteem is negatively correlated with social comparisons, meaning that frequent social comparisons can lead to lower self-esteem.
Consequences of Low Self-Esteem
- In Western countries, having low self-esteem in middle childhood can lead to negative consequences, such as depression and anxiety.
Contributors to Overall Self-Esteem
- For most children and adolescents, the area of academic competence is the strongest contributor to overall self-esteem.
Combining Self-Concepts
- Children combine their different areas of self-concept (e.g., academic, athletic, social) into an overall level of self-esteem by weighing their strengths and weaknesses in each area.
Self-Concept and Overall Self-Esteem
- Low athletic self-concept has no effect on overall self-esteem if the individual has high self-concepts in other areas (e.g., academic, social).
Cultural Differences in Self-Esteem
- In some East Asian cultural settings, self-criticism is valued as a virtue and high self-esteem is considered a character problem.
Developmental Transitions and Self-Esteem
- Self-esteem declines slightly as children enter a school environment during the transition from preschool to elementary school.
Cross-Cultural Research on Self-Esteem
- Individualistic countries (e.g., the United States) have higher self-esteem scores than collectivist countries (e.g., Japan, China).
Self-Concept Areas
- Children have self-concepts for specific areas, including academic, athletic, social, and physical appearance.
Self-Concept and Overall Self-Esteem
- Self-concept in specific areas contributes to overall self-esteem, with the strongest contributor being academic competence.
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