Self-Concept in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What aspect of self-concept refers to how one perceives him or herself?

Self-image (correct)

True self

Ideal self

Self-worth

Which self is described as the core of who you are, unshaped by societal influence?

False self

True self (correct)

Social mask

Ideal self

What is the role of the 'false self' in psychological terms?

To adapt and fit in with societal expectations (correct)

To represent the actual beliefs and values of the individual

To enhance self-esteem and self-worth

To achieve personal goals and dreams

Which of the following best describes the 'categorical self'?

It begins when a child recognizes their separate existence. Signup and view all the answers

What does the ideal self represent in self-concept?

The person one desires to become over time Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cognitive construction, what is emphasized?

Mental processes and integration Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the social roles created to interact effectively with a broader range of people?

Social mask Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the self-concept is likely to change most frequently?

Ideal self Signup and view all the answers

What is a key statement related to the false self?

It hides the real self from others. Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement 'the curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change' imply about personal growth?

Self-acceptance is critical for genuine transformation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of self-preservation primarily involve?

The actions prompted by the self to improve and protect oneself Signup and view all the answers

How does William James characterize the I self?

As the conscious stream of thoughts and feelings within an individual Signup and view all the answers

What does congruence between the real self and ideal self imply?

An agreement that boosts self-worth Signup and view all the answers

Which component forms part of the material self according to the constituents of self?

Belongings and physical appearance Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the social self?

How an individual is seen and recognized by others Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of Carl Rogers's self theory?

One can shape themselves through actions and choices Signup and view all the answers

How is self-feeling defined?

Emotions that arise from one's self-appraisal of existence Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the pure ego represent in the constituents of self?

The internal acknowledgment of thoughts and feelings Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the process of self-reflection as it relates to the Me self?

One becomes aware of oneself as an object of their thoughts. Signup and view all the answers

What does the dynamic nature of the ideal self suggest?

It evolves based on personal aspirations and experiences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the action of self-seeking?

Seeking improvement and growth based on self-knowledge Signup and view all the answers

In what way does self-awareness enhance emotional regulation?

It fosters a deeper understanding of personal triggers and responses Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of self-identity in personal development?

To facilitate an understanding of one's place in society Signup and view all the answers

How can observing one's emotions help in personal development?

It promotes self-awareness and informed responses Signup and view all the answers

What does observational learning refer to in Albert Bandura's theories?

Learning through observing others and modeling their behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which component of human agency refers to the way individuals form intentions with action plans?

Intentionality Signup and view all the answers

What can most negatively impact the process of retention in observational learning?

Attention being distracted by irrelevant stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes self-efficacy as mentioned in Bandura's theory?

Belief in one's own capabilities to achieve goals Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for an individual to develop muscle memory according to the process of motor reproduction?

Repeated practice of the behavior observed Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the four core properties of human agency highlighted in Bandura's theories?

Intentionality Signup and view all the answers

What role does motivation play in Albert Bandura's observational learning model?

It aids in assessing the importance of the model's behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of attention is crucial for successful observational learning?

Focused observation without interruptions Signup and view all the answers

In Bandura's model, what does self-reactiveness signify?

The process of adjusting one's behavior based on self-regulation Signup and view all the answers

How does Bandura's theory view the relationship between humans and their life circumstances?

Humans actively shape their life circumstances Signup and view all the answers

Why is the concept of retention important in the context of observational learning?

Because it allows for the retrieval and application of learned information later Signup and view all the answers

What implication does Bandura's emphasis on self-efficacy have for education and learning?

Encouraging students' belief in their abilities can boost learning outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can negatively affect attention during the learning process as per Bandura's model?

Presence of distractions Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Bandura’s theories, how do incentives or punishments influence learning?

They can motivate individuals based on their personal evaluations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Self in Psychological Perspective

William James' concept of "I" and "Me" selves
- The "I" self is the thinking subject, conscious of its environment and existence.
- The "Me" self is the object of its own thinking, how others perceive it.
The self is comprised of the empirical self (possessions, relationships, beliefs) and self-feelings (resulting emotions).
The self seeks self-preservation and self-improvement.
Carl Rogers' theory of self-development (gradually developed during childhood).
- Emphasizes the difference between the real self and the ideal self.
- Real self refers to one's actual characteristics.
- Ideal self refers to one's desired characteristics.
- Congruence is important for high self-worth; when the real and ideal self are similar.

Aspects of Self-Concept

Existential self: individual begins to recognize their existence, separate from others.
Categorical self: individuals categorize themselves based on age, sex, etc.

Thoughts Supporting Global Models

Gestalt Psychology - The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Humanistic Psychology - Human beings supersede the sum of their parts

Differentiated Models

Look into human components, understanding their uniqueness.

Albert Bandura's Agentic Theory

Rejects the idea of the self being culturally influenced.
Humans have the ability to think, decide, foresee, and control their actions.
Self is a proactive and agentic part.

The Self in Western and Eastern Thoughts

Individualism (self-oriented): emphasizes independence, personal needs, and self-reliance.
Collectivism (group-oriented): prioritizes group loyalty, belongingness, and group needs.

Western Self as Analytic

Focuses on causal links, part-to-whole relationships.
Emphasizes connections.

Western Self as Monotheistic

Belief in one Supreme Being coexisting with the universe.

Western Self as Individualistic

Emphasizes coexistence of good and bad in freedom.
Prioritizes personal desires over group needs.

Buddhism

Emphasizes no permanent self (Anatta).
Suffering stems from craving and attachment.
Liberation achieved through the Eightfold Path.

Confucianism

Self-cultivation prioritizes the benefit of others.
The individual is part of a larger whole.

Taoism

Harmony with the Tao (the way).
Taoism emphasizes living in harmony with the universe.

Material Aspect

Material possessions shape the self.
The body, possessions and family play a major role in personal perception.

Consumerism and One’s Self-Identity

Consumer culture and credit cards change how people buy goods and services.
Material possessions can influence happiness and relationships positively or negatively.

The Self in Sexual and Reproductive Behavior

Highlights the diversity of human sexual behaviors.
Describes various types of sexual acts.
Explains sexually transmitted diseases.
Includes contraception methods.
Discusses issues of reproduction and sterilization.

Physiological Aspects of Self

Body image refers to feelings about the body.
Self-esteem determines an individual's total value.
Psychological impact of beauty perceptions.

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Description

Explore the different dimensions of the self as discussed by William James and Carl Rogers. This quiz will cover concepts such as the 'I' and 'Me' selves, the distinction between the real and ideal self, and the evolution of self-concept. Test your understanding of how self-awareness and self-perception shape personal identity.