Psychology Chapter 5 Summary Flashcards

Traditional Self System

• Valence of personal attributes is linked to relative successes and aspirations.
• Successes experienced shape self-perception and self-worth.

Looking Glass Self

• Self-image is shaped through interactions with others.
• The concept, introduced by Cooley, indicates individuals build a self that reflects perceived external views.

Cultural Self System

• Self-perception is influenced by cultural norms and values.
• Mead emphasized differences in how individuals perceive themselves based on their cultural background.

Infant Self System

• Initial awareness of self relies on body permanence and differentiation from others.
• Around six months, infants start recognizing their individuality separate from caregivers.

Toddler Self System

• By age two, children show early self-awareness through mirror recognition and joint reference.
• Self-esteem starts developing with self-recognition, becoming clearer by preschool age.

Behavior Regulation

• Begins in the second year with the emergence of symbolic thought.
• Self-conscious emotions develop as children learn rules, leading to gradual self-regulation.

Socializing Infants

• Parenting practices shift to foster independence and social skills.
• Effective caregiving lays the foundation for safety and appropriate behavior in social contexts.

Dimensions of Parenting

• Warmth encompasses affection, acceptance, and interest in a child's life.
• Parental control refers to the enforcement of behavioral standards and expectations.

Parent Control

• Aggressive punishment has immediate effects but may cause long-term issues.
• Love withdrawal creates anxiety and hampers self-regulation.
• Induction involves explanations that foster longer-term self-regulation over time.

Corporal Punishment

• Involves inflicting physical pain to control behavior.
• Linked to increased externalizing behaviors and mental health issues, observable across different cultures.