7 Questions
Which type of drugs are extensively metabolized in the liver, with phenobarbital being longer-acting and commonly used in epilepsy?
Barbiturates like secobarbital
Which benzodiazepine forms active metabolites after being converted in the liver, making it important?
Diazepam
Which group of drugs are known for showing a dose response curve on a graph, peaking in the anesthesia-hypnosis range?
Benzodiazepines
Which category of drugs is commonly used for anxiolysis at low doses and exhibits antiseizure activity similar to barbiturates?
Benzodiazepines
Which of the following is a characteristic of newer drugs like zopiclone when compared to older medications like lorazepam?
Older medications can cause REM rebound effects
Which drug undergoes conjugation outside the liver and does not form active metabolites?
Lorazepam
Which group of drugs is often used as sleep aids due to their rapid liver metabolism and shorter duration of action?
Atypical drugs
Study Notes
- Lecture on sedative and hypnotic drugs by Dr. PJ Shukle covers benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and atypical drugs commonly used in clinical practice.
- Benzodiazepines like diazepam and flurazepam are converted to active metabolites in the liver; diazepam is important, but flurazepam is also widely used.
- Some benzodiazepines like lorazepam and oxazepam are conjugated outside the liver and do not form active metabolites; lorazepam is significant for exams.
- Barbiturates, like secobarbital and phenobarbital, are extensively metabolized in the liver; phenobarbital is longer-acting and used in epilepsy.
- Atypical drugs have rapid liver metabolism, shorter duration of action, and are often used as sleep aids due to wearing off by morning.
- Medications show a dose response curve on a graph, with benzodiazepines peaking in anesthesia-hypnosis range and barbiturates showing increasing toxicity.
- Benzodiazepines are commonly used for anxiolysis at low doses, while newer drugs have a flatter curve and peak in anxiolysis spectrum.
- Both benzodiazepines and barbiturates exhibit antiseizure activity, with benzodiazepines inducing sleep and potentially causing REM rebound effects.
- Newer drugs like zopiclone for insomnia show fewer side effects and minimal daytime impairment compared to older medications like lorazepam.
- In anesthesia spectrum, benzodiazepines are used for certain inductions, while barbiturates are favored for long-term anesthesia induction due to complete loss of cortical function.
- Date rape drugs are associated with benzodiazepines under toxicology; barbiturates are more common in the operating room, while benzodiazepines are prevalent in the intensive care unit.
- Benzodiazepines like thiopental are commonly used for short-term sedation in the operating room; medications like Ativan or lorazepam are preferred intravenously in the intensive care unit for sedation.
- Barbiturates are associated with medullary depression and coma, leading to respiratory arrest, low blood pressure, cardiovascular collapse, and potential death if not administered properly.
This quiz covers benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and atypical drugs commonly used in clinical practice, including their metabolism, effects, and clinical applications. Topics include drug conversions, anxiolysis, antiseizure activity, toxicity, anesthesia induction, and side effects. Learn about the differences between benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and newer drugs like zopiclone, their uses in different medical settings, and associated risks.
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