18 Questions
Which type of drugs are extensively metabolized in the liver, with phenobarbital commonly used in epilepsy?
Barbiturates
Which drug class is known for inducing sleep and reducing rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, leading to REM rebound upon cessation?
Benzodiazepines
Which class of drugs shows a dose-response curve with sedation and anxiolysis at low doses, hypnosis at higher doses, and anesthesia with peak effects?
Benzodiazepines
Which type of drugs are preferred for anxiolysis due to having flatter dose-response curves indicating efficacy?
Benzodiazepines
Which class of drugs is suitable for short-term sedation according to the provided information?
Benzodiazepines
Which type of drugs do not form active metabolites and are used clinically in different scenarios?
Atypical drugs
Which class of drugs is primarily used as sleep aids due to being rapidly metabolized by liver enzymes with shorter duration of action?
Unclassified drugs
Which newer agent for insomnia shows fewer side effects and rapid onset of action according to the lecture?
Zopiclone
Which type of drugs are known to accumulate over days, necessitating caution in daily use?
Benzodiazepines
Which class of drugs is known for reducing REM sleep and causing REM rebound upon cessation?
Barbiturates
Which drug class shows antiseizure activity at different dose levels?
Barbiturates
Which class of drugs is more commonly used for long-term anesthesia induction?
Barbiturates
Which type of drugs are preferred for short-term sedation in clinical practice?
Benzodiazepines
Which class of drugs has a dose-response curve showing sedation, anxiolysis, hypnosis, and anesthesia with peak effects?
Benzodiazepines
Which type of drugs do not accumulate over days, thus not requiring caution in daily use?
Atypical drugs
Which class of drugs induce sleep and reduce REM sleep leading to rebound upon cessation?
Newer agents
Which newer agent for insomnia exhibits fewer side effects and rapid onset of action?
Zopiclone
Which class of drugs forms active metabolites and is extensively metabolized in the liver?
Benzodiazepines
Study Notes
- Lecture on sedative and hypnotic drugs in clinical practice covers benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and atypical drugs used in various scenarios.
- Benzodiazepines like diazepam and flurazepam are commonly used sedatives, with the latter known for clinical practice.
- Benzodiazepines can accumulate over days, requiring caution in daily use.
- Atypical drugs like lorazepam and oxazepam do not form active metabolites and are used clinically.
- Barbiturates like secobarbital and phenobarbital, the latter used in epilepsy, are extensively metabolized in the liver.
- Unclassified drugs metabolized rapidly by liver enzymes with shorter duration of action, mainly used as sleep aids.
- Dose-response curve shows sedation, anxiolysis with low doses, hypnosis with higher doses, and anesthesia where benzodiazepines peak while barbiturates show increasing toxicity.
- Benzodiazepines are preferred for anxiolysis, newer drugs have flatter curves indicating efficacy.
- Antiseizure activity found in benzodiazepines and barbiturates at different dose levels.
- Benzodiazepines induce sleep, reduce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, leading to REM rebound upon cessation.
- Newer agents like zopiclone for insomnia show fewer side effects and rapid onset of action.
- Benzodiazepines suitable for short-term sedation, barbiturates more common for long-term anesthesia induction.
- Barbiturates induce medullary depression and coma, leading to respiratory arrest, low blood pressure, cardiovascular collapse, and potential death.
Learn about benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and atypical drugs commonly used as sedatives and hypnotics in clinical practice. Understand their mechanisms of action, metabolism, and clinical applications, including dosage considerations and potential side effects.
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