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Questions and Answers
What is a primary goal of I/O psychology?
What is a primary goal of I/O psychology?
Which of the following is a key aspect of the scientific selection of workers in I/O psychology?
Which of the following is a key aspect of the scientific selection of workers in I/O psychology?
Which era marked the beginning of the formal development of I/O psychology?
Which era marked the beginning of the formal development of I/O psychology?
How does I/O psychology address employee relations?
How does I/O psychology address employee relations?
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What contributes to minimizing fatigue and accidents according to I/O psychology?
What contributes to minimizing fatigue and accidents according to I/O psychology?
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In what way does I/O psychology enhance the working environment?
In what way does I/O psychology enhance the working environment?
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What role do tests play in the selection of workers in I/O psychology?
What role do tests play in the selection of workers in I/O psychology?
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How does I/O psychology view the concept of labor welfare?
How does I/O psychology view the concept of labor welfare?
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Which principle of Scientific Management focuses on establishing a clear chain of command?
Which principle of Scientific Management focuses on establishing a clear chain of command?
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What is a primary goal of Taylor's Scientific Management approach?
What is a primary goal of Taylor's Scientific Management approach?
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In Weber's Bureaucratic model, what does the division of labor entail?
In Weber's Bureaucratic model, what does the division of labor entail?
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What characteristic of a bureaucratic organization ensures actions and processes are predictable?
What characteristic of a bureaucratic organization ensures actions and processes are predictable?
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Which of the following is a potential challenge mentioned regarding the division of labor?
Which of the following is a potential challenge mentioned regarding the division of labor?
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What does administrative management theory primarily focus on?
What does administrative management theory primarily focus on?
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According to Weber, what is an ideal form of organization characterized by?
According to Weber, what is an ideal form of organization characterized by?
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Which concept involves assigning tasks to different employees and managing their performance?
Which concept involves assigning tasks to different employees and managing their performance?
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What was the main focus of Walter Dill Scott's first book, The Theory of Advertising?
What was the main focus of Walter Dill Scott's first book, The Theory of Advertising?
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Which concept did Lillian Moller Gilbreth emphasize in her contributions to I/O psychology?
Which concept did Lillian Moller Gilbreth emphasize in her contributions to I/O psychology?
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What was the primary emphasis of the early work in I/O psychology?
What was the primary emphasis of the early work in I/O psychology?
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What unique study is Hugo Münsterberg known for in relation to I/O psychology?
What unique study is Hugo Münsterberg known for in relation to I/O psychology?
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What was one of Lillian Gilbreth's significant beliefs regarding workers?
What was one of Lillian Gilbreth's significant beliefs regarding workers?
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Which term best describes the approach Walter Dill Scott took with his advertising books?
Which term best describes the approach Walter Dill Scott took with his advertising books?
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How did early business leaders respond to the application of psychology in their organizations?
How did early business leaders respond to the application of psychology in their organizations?
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What year marked the publication of Scott's book, The Psychology of Advertising?
What year marked the publication of Scott's book, The Psychology of Advertising?
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What is the main responsibility of the Operating Core in an organization?
What is the main responsibility of the Operating Core in an organization?
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Which part of the organization is primarily focused on the overall success and executive leadership?
Which part of the organization is primarily focused on the overall success and executive leadership?
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What role does the Middle Line play in an organization?
What role does the Middle Line play in an organization?
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How does the Technostructure contribute to the organization?
How does the Technostructure contribute to the organization?
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What is the main effect of ideology within an organization?
What is the main effect of ideology within an organization?
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What does Division of Specialization in Administrative Management Theory suggest?
What does Division of Specialization in Administrative Management Theory suggest?
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Which principle emphasizes that managers must hold the authority to issue commands?
Which principle emphasizes that managers must hold the authority to issue commands?
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What does Unity of Command ensure in an organization?
What does Unity of Command ensure in an organization?
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How does the principle of Subordination of Individual Interest affect employees?
How does the principle of Subordination of Individual Interest affect employees?
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What is the primary focus of the principle of Unity of Direction?
What is the primary focus of the principle of Unity of Direction?
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Which principle is concerned with the rules and standards governing the work environment?
Which principle is concerned with the rules and standards governing the work environment?
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What does the principle of Equity emphasize in an organization?
What does the principle of Equity emphasize in an organization?
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The principle of Initiative encourages what among employees?
The principle of Initiative encourages what among employees?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of Centralization in management?
Which of the following best describes the concept of Centralization in management?
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What does Mintzberg's view on organizational structure emphasize?
What does Mintzberg's view on organizational structure emphasize?
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Study Notes
Scopes of I/O Psychology
- I/O psychology enhances worker efficiency through scientific selection and proper division of work according to abilities and skills.
- It promotes positive industrial relations among employees, employers, and enhances collaboration.
- Psychological assessments are employed to match workers to suitable roles, optimizing productivity.
Labor Welfare and Human Relations
- I/O psychology supports labor welfare by advocating for adequate working conditions, job satisfaction, and just compensation.
- Positive human relations are essential for organizational success, leading to improved efficiency and employee morale.
Historical Foundations of I/O Psychology
- Walter Dill Scott: Influential in applying psychology to advertising with works on human efficiency and business influence.
- Lillian Moller Gilbreth: Pioneer of time management techniques; emphasized the importance of addressing stress and fatigue in workers.
- Hugo Münsterberg: Applied traditional psychology to industrial problems, exploring job safety and operator performance through research.
Scientific Management
- Frederick Taylor: Advocated for scientific management principles to enhance worker productivity and efficiency; introduced time and motion studies.
- Emphasized data collection, scientific selection, and training to elevate organizational effectiveness.
Principles of Scientific Management
- Structure: Hierarchical organization utilizing legitimate authority.
- Specialization: Efficient division of labor based on expertise.
- Predictability and Stability: Establishing clear rules and regulations.
- Rationality: Ensuring unbiased treatment and selection for all workers.
- Democracy: Allowing input and voting from employees.
Bureaucratic Organization by Max Weber
- Defined structure and process for organizational efficiency, emphasizing formal hierarchies and routine procedures.
- Established specialization of labor, authority hierarchies, and formal rules to increase productivity.
Administrative Management Theory by Henri Fayol
- Aims to enhance organizational productivity through effective managerial practices rather than focusing solely on individual efficiency.
- Principles include:
- Division of Specialization: Employees become proficient by focusing on specific tasks.
- Authority and Responsibility: Managers hold command and ensure task completion.
- Unity of Command: Employees receive instructions from one supervisor to avoid confusion.
- Remuneration: Financial incentives to boost employee performance.
Organizational Structure and Management Principles
- Principles range from ensuring equity and stability to promoting initiative among employees.
- Emphasis on creating a sense of belonging (esprit de corps) to foster unity and morale within the workforce.
Structural Theory by Harry Mintzberg
- Describes how organizations evolve structural forms to enhance functionality.
- Key components include:
- Operating Core: Executes the essential work contributing to the organization’s purpose.
- Strategic Apex: Oversees overall success and executive decisions.
- Middle Line: Connects strategic objectives with operational tasks.
- Technostructure: Provides technical support necessary for efficient operations.
- Support Staff: Facilitates essential organizational functions.
Ideology and Politics in Organizations
- Organizations should cultivate a strong ideology to foster commitment and organizational mission.
- Politics within organizations may arise from diverging ideologies, leading to conflict and division among employees.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts and scopes of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. This quiz emphasizes the scientific selection of workers and the importance of efficient work division for productivity enhancement. Test your understanding of how I/O psychology helps improve worker efficiency.
