Scopes of I/O Psychology
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Scopes of I/O Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary goal of I/O psychology?

  • To develop better machines for production
  • To minimize interactions among employees
  • To promote labor welfare and efficiency (correct)
  • To maximize employee fatigue

    • Which of the following is a key aspect of the scientific selection of workers in I/O psychology?

  • Favoring personal connections over qualifications
  • Selecting workers based on seniority
  • Choosing individuals randomly for jobs
  • Evaluating abilities, skills, and aptitudes (correct)

    • Which era marked the beginning of the formal development of I/O psychology?

  • 1914 & 1939
  • 1904 (correct)
  • 1946-present
  • 1910

    • How does I/O psychology address employee relations?

    <p>Through enhancing human relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to minimizing fatigue and accidents according to I/O psychology?

    <p>Proper division of work according to capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does I/O psychology enhance the working environment?

    <p>Through design of ergonomic workplaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tests play in the selection of workers in I/O psychology?

    <p>They help identify the best fit for jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does I/O psychology view the concept of labor welfare?

    <p>It involves adequate working conditions and compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of Scientific Management focuses on establishing a clear chain of command?

    <p>Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of Taylor's Scientific Management approach?

    <p>To increase worker efficiency and productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Weber's Bureaucratic model, what does the division of labor entail?

    <p>Each job has specialized responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of a bureaucratic organization ensures actions and processes are predictable?

    <p>Formal Rules and Procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential challenge mentioned regarding the division of labor?

    <p>Coordination of various tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does administrative management theory primarily focus on?

    <p>Synchronizing internal processes to improve productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Weber, what is an ideal form of organization characterized by?

    <p>Strict rules and a clear authority hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves assigning tasks to different employees and managing their performance?

    <p>Delegation of Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of Walter Dill Scott's first book, The Theory of Advertising?

    <p>Suggestion and argument as means of influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept did Lillian Moller Gilbreth emphasize in her contributions to I/O psychology?

    <p>Industrial fatigue and stress effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary emphasis of the early work in I/O psychology?

    <p>Application of psychological methods for economic gains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique study is Hugo Münsterberg known for in relation to I/O psychology?

    <p>Studying trolley car operators to determine safety factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Lillian Gilbreth's significant beliefs regarding workers?

    <p>Humans are the most important element in industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the approach Walter Dill Scott took with his advertising books?

    <p>Influence through persuasion techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did early business leaders respond to the application of psychology in their organizations?

    <p>They began employing psychologists for applied research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year marked the publication of Scott's book, The Psychology of Advertising?

    <p>1908</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the Operating Core in an organization?

    <p>Transforming raw goods into sellable products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the organization is primarily focused on the overall success and executive leadership?

    <p>Strategic Apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Middle Line play in an organization?

    <p>Implementing the goals set by the Strategic Apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Technostructure contribute to the organization?

    <p>By providing specific technical expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of ideology within an organization?

    <p>Encouraging independence among employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Division of Specialization in Administrative Management Theory suggest?

    <p>Employees should focus on a limited set of activities to improve output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes that managers must hold the authority to issue commands?

    <p>Authority and Responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Unity of Command ensure in an organization?

    <p>Employees receive directives from one manager only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the principle of Subordination of Individual Interest affect employees?

    <p>Group interests are prioritized over individual ambitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the principle of Unity of Direction?

    <p>All workgroups must operate under a singular coordinated plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is concerned with the rules and standards governing the work environment?

    <p>Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of Equity emphasize in an organization?

    <p>Fairness should guide the organization’s operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of Initiative encourages what among employees?

    <p>Employees to create and execute their plans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of Centralization in management?

    <p>Decision-making authority can be centralized or decentralized based on organizational needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mintzberg's view on organizational structure emphasize?

    <p>Structure is an adaptive mechanism that enables organizations to function effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scopes of I/O Psychology

    • I/O psychology enhances worker efficiency through scientific selection and proper division of work according to abilities and skills.
    • It promotes positive industrial relations among employees, employers, and enhances collaboration.
    • Psychological assessments are employed to match workers to suitable roles, optimizing productivity.

    Labor Welfare and Human Relations

    • I/O psychology supports labor welfare by advocating for adequate working conditions, job satisfaction, and just compensation.
    • Positive human relations are essential for organizational success, leading to improved efficiency and employee morale.

    Historical Foundations of I/O Psychology

    • Walter Dill Scott: Influential in applying psychology to advertising with works on human efficiency and business influence.
    • Lillian Moller Gilbreth: Pioneer of time management techniques; emphasized the importance of addressing stress and fatigue in workers.
    • Hugo Münsterberg: Applied traditional psychology to industrial problems, exploring job safety and operator performance through research.

    Scientific Management

    • Frederick Taylor: Advocated for scientific management principles to enhance worker productivity and efficiency; introduced time and motion studies.
    • Emphasized data collection, scientific selection, and training to elevate organizational effectiveness.

    Principles of Scientific Management

    • Structure: Hierarchical organization utilizing legitimate authority.
    • Specialization: Efficient division of labor based on expertise.
    • Predictability and Stability: Establishing clear rules and regulations.
    • Rationality: Ensuring unbiased treatment and selection for all workers.
    • Democracy: Allowing input and voting from employees.

    Bureaucratic Organization by Max Weber

    • Defined structure and process for organizational efficiency, emphasizing formal hierarchies and routine procedures.
    • Established specialization of labor, authority hierarchies, and formal rules to increase productivity.

    Administrative Management Theory by Henri Fayol

    • Aims to enhance organizational productivity through effective managerial practices rather than focusing solely on individual efficiency.
    • Principles include:
      • Division of Specialization: Employees become proficient by focusing on specific tasks.
      • Authority and Responsibility: Managers hold command and ensure task completion.
      • Unity of Command: Employees receive instructions from one supervisor to avoid confusion.
      • Remuneration: Financial incentives to boost employee performance.

    Organizational Structure and Management Principles

    • Principles range from ensuring equity and stability to promoting initiative among employees.
    • Emphasis on creating a sense of belonging (esprit de corps) to foster unity and morale within the workforce.

    Structural Theory by Harry Mintzberg

    • Describes how organizations evolve structural forms to enhance functionality.
    • Key components include:
      • Operating Core: Executes the essential work contributing to the organization’s purpose.
      • Strategic Apex: Oversees overall success and executive decisions.
      • Middle Line: Connects strategic objectives with operational tasks.
      • Technostructure: Provides technical support necessary for efficient operations.
      • Support Staff: Facilitates essential organizational functions.

    Ideology and Politics in Organizations

    • Organizations should cultivate a strong ideology to foster commitment and organizational mission.
    • Politics within organizations may arise from diverging ideologies, leading to conflict and division among employees.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts and scopes of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. This quiz emphasizes the scientific selection of workers and the importance of efficient work division for productivity enhancement. Test your understanding of how I/O psychology helps improve worker efficiency.

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