Podcast
Questions and Answers
What molecule is fundamental to all living organisms and serves as the basis for genetic information?
What molecule is fundamental to all living organisms and serves as the basis for genetic information?
What term describes the set of chemical reactions that allow organisms to build up or break down materials?
What term describes the set of chemical reactions that allow organisms to build up or break down materials?
Which of the following processes is essential for living things to maintain stability in their internal environment?
Which of the following processes is essential for living things to maintain stability in their internal environment?
What type of reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism?
What type of reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism?
Signup and view all the answers
Living organisms have a common lineage and can undergo what kind of change over time?
Living organisms have a common lineage and can undergo what kind of change over time?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concept explains the connection among all forms of life on Earth within a living planet?
Which concept explains the connection among all forms of life on Earth within a living planet?
Signup and view all the answers
What term is used to describe the variety of living organisms and their similarities at the molecular level?
What term is used to describe the variety of living organisms and their similarities at the molecular level?
Signup and view all the answers
How is science best described in the context of understanding the natural world?
How is science best described in the context of understanding the natural world?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of science?
What is the primary focus of science?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?
Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the control group in an experiment?
What is the role of the control group in an experiment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which step in the scientific method follows making observations?
Which step in the scientific method follows making observations?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines the independent variable in an experiment?
What defines the independent variable in an experiment?
Signup and view all the answers
During a controlled experiment, how should the variables be managed?
During a controlled experiment, how should the variables be managed?
Signup and view all the answers
In the given investigation about ants, what would be an appropriate conclusion if ants dig more tunnels in light?
In the given investigation about ants, what would be an appropriate conclusion if ants dig more tunnels in light?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in the scientific method?
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the combination of chemical reactions within an organism that organize raw materials into living matter?
What term describes the combination of chemical reactions within an organism that organize raw materials into living matter?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the biosphere contain?
What does the biosphere contain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly identifies a population?
Which of the following correctly identifies a population?
Signup and view all the answers
In which environment would you find autotrophs thriving?
In which environment would you find autotrophs thriving?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following pairs correctly identifies a relationship between ecosystems and biomes?
Which of the following pairs correctly identifies a relationship between ecosystems and biomes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements best defines biotic factors?
Which of the following statements best defines biotic factors?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process do autotrophs use to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars?
Which process do autotrophs use to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars?
Signup and view all the answers
What term is used for organisms that depend on other organisms for energy and food?
What term is used for organisms that depend on other organisms for energy and food?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
How does a decline in the shark population affect the food chain described?
How does a decline in the shark population affect the food chain described?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis within a cell?
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis within a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which trophic level corresponds to the algae in the provided food chain?
Which trophic level corresponds to the algae in the provided food chain?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the central vacuole serve in plant cells?
What role does the central vacuole serve in plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which phase directly follows the S phase in the cell cycle?
Which phase directly follows the S phase in the cell cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward the centrioles?
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward the centrioles?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference in cytokinesis between animal and plant cells?
What is the primary difference in cytokinesis between animal and plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the structure where replicated strands of DNA are joined together?
What is the term for the structure where replicated strands of DNA are joined together?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?
Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes become visible and spindle fibers begin to form?
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes become visible and spindle fibers begin to form?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
In which stage do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?
In which stage do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?
What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of heterotroph exclusively consumes plants?
Which type of heterotroph exclusively consumes plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of decomposers in the ecosystem?
What is the primary role of decomposers in the ecosystem?
Signup and view all the answers
In a food chain, which trophic level do producers occupy?
In a food chain, which trophic level do producers occupy?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes an omnivore from other types of heterotrophs?
What distinguishes an omnivore from other types of heterotrophs?
Signup and view all the answers
How does energy flow in an ecosystem?
How does energy flow in an ecosystem?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes a scavenger?
Which of the following best describes a scavenger?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens in a food web when one population experiences a disturbance?
What happens in a food web when one population experiences a disturbance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of energy pyramid shows the total amount of living matter at each trophic level?
Which type of energy pyramid shows the total amount of living matter at each trophic level?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Scientific Method
- Science is a way to study the natural world.
- Science aims to explain natural events and make predictions.
- Science is different from other human activities as it only deals with natural world, uses evidence and not belief, and tests explanations using evidence.
- A scientific investigation involves observation, inference, hypothesis, testing, data collection and analysis, and drawing conclusions.
Observation
- Observation involves noticing and describing events carefully.
- Scientists use observations to make inferences.
- An inference is a logical explanation based on existing knowledge.
Hypothesis
- A hypothesis is a scientific explanation for a set of observations.
- A hypothesis can be tested (in ways to support or reject).
- Controlled experiments are preferred to test hypotheses.
Experiment
- Experiments test hypotheses to see if they can be supported or rejected.
- A controlled experiment changes only one variable (independent variable) at a time and measures the effect of this change on another variable (dependent variable).
- The control group shows what happens without changing the independent variable.
Data Collection and Analysis
- Gathering data during an experiment is important.
- Recording and analyzing the data is crucial step in experiments.
Drawing Conclusions
- Scientists use data analysis to support or reject a hypothesis.
- Conclusions are shared with others.
Ant Experiment Details
- Experiment investigated if ants dig more tunnels in light or dark.
- Ten ant colonies with equal ants, food, and temperature were used.
- Five colonies were exposed to light and five to dark.
- Tunnel lengths were measured.
- Averages were recorded in table showing tunnel length each day.
Additional Questions and Answers
- List materials for ant experiment: Ant farms, ants, food, black paper, string, rulers, etc.
- Hypothesis: Ants dig more tunnels in the dark.
- Support/Non-support for hypothesis: Data from tables and graphs are used to decide if digging is more frequent in dark or light, supporting or rejecting the hypothesis.
- Independent variable: Light conditions (light or dark).
- Dependent variable: Total length of tunnels.
- Control group: Colonies exposed to the same conditions, except for the independent variable.
Biology
- Biology studies living things.
- Living things share common characteristics: cells, genetic code (DNA), metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction, homeostasis, evolution and common ancestry, interdependence, structure & function, unity & diversity, and science as a way of knowing.
- The science of biology considers many levels of organization such as a cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere.
Ecology
- Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment.
- Ecology considers biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors.
- Ecologists use observation, experimentation and modeling.
- Ecology considers the organization of life, including populations, communities, ecosystems and biomes.
Producers and Consumers
- Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis are processes by which producers make food.
- Consumers feed on other organisms.
- Consumers include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores, and decomposers.
- Scavengers eat dead animals.
- Energy flows through an ecosystem from primary producers to various consumers.
Food Chains and Webs
- Interconnected food chains can be used to describe the pathways that energy follows within an ecosystem
- Food chains or webs show relationships among organisms that eat each other.
- Producers (plants) are the base of food webs and food chains.
- Consumers (animals) eat other organisms and higher trophic levels of consumers feed on lower trophic levels.
Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is a series of events where cells grow and divide.
- The cell cycle involves the growth phase (interphase; G1,S, and G2) and division phase (mitosis, meiosis and cytokinesis).
- Mitosis has four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Cytokinesis follows mitosis.
DNA Structure
- DNA is a double-stranded helix made up of nucleotides.
- Nucleotides have a sugar, phosphate, and a base.
- Base pairing (A-T, C-G) is a crucial feature of DNA.
- Many scientists contributed to understanding DNA, including Chargaff, Franklin, Watson, and Crick.
Cell Organelles
- Cells have specialized parts called organelles.
- Each organelle has a specific function within the cell.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of the scientific method, including observation, hypothesis formation, and experimentation. Explore how scientists study the natural world through systematic investigation and critical analysis of evidence. Test your understanding of key scientific principles and their applications.
