Questions and Answers
Research gathers new knowledge or data from ______ resources.
primary
Research is expert, systematic and ______ investigation.
accurate
Research should strive to remove personal feelings and ______.
preferences
Research findings must be ______ recorded and reported.
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Research requires much effort, time and ______.
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The scientific method follows a series of _______ steps.
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In Chapter 1 of the scientific method, the first task is to determine the _______.
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Data that is counted and expressed in numbers is referred to as _______ data.
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The method of research that involves gathering first-hand information is called _______.
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The principle of _______ in research means that results should be unbiased and impartial.
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Surveys and questionnaires are popular means of data collection due to their _______ cost.
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Focus groups provide a broader understanding of why a group thinks or behaves in a _______ way.
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In research, _______ variables are manipulated to observe how they affect the outcome.
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The principle of _______ standards serves as a basis for evaluating the findings of a study.
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Qualitative data is based on _______ or qualities.
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Research is a systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc., in order to establish _____ and reach new conclusions.
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The process of gathering _____ or information is crucial to solve a particular problem in a scientific manner.
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One of the characteristics of research is that it is _____ in nature, focusing on specific aims and objectives.
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To preserve and improve the _____ of human life is one of the primary purposes of research.
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Research ethics involves the principles of _____, integrity, and respect for the subjects involved in the study.
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Empirical data is based on _____, testing, and experience.
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In research, _____ techniques may include surveys, interviews, and experiments to collect data.
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Research should be subjected to rigorous scientific _____ to ensure that knowledge is derived from facts.
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Study Notes
Scientific Method Overview
- Research is fundamental, systematic, and adheres strictly to the scientific method.
- The scientific method consists of sequential steps to investigate questions and problems.
Chapters of the Scientific Method
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Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Setting
- Identify and recognize the research problem.
- Formulate a hypothesis for investigation.
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Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies (RRLS)
- Conduct thorough library research to inform the study.
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Chapter 3: Methods of Research and Procedures
- Design the study framework.
- Develop data collection instruments.
- Execute the data collection process.
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Chapter 4: Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
- Analyze the collected data for insights.
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Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
- Derive conclusions from the findings.
- Suggest recommendations for future research inquiries.
Principles of the Scientific Method
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Rigid Control
- Involves manipulation of variables (e.g., age, sex) for consistency in research settings.
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Objectivity
- Results must be unbiased and unaltered to ensure integrity in findings.
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Systematic Organization
- Accurate data tabulation and presentation are essential for clear interpretation.
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Rigorous Standards
- Standards must remain fixed and shouldn’t be altered to meet researcher expectations.
Data Collection Techniques
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No single “best” technique; each method has advantages and disadvantages based on context.
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Quantitative Data
- Collected data expressed numerically.
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Qualitative Data
- Based on subjective attributes and qualities.
Methods of Data Collection
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Observation
- Effective for firsthand information; provides a holistic understanding without needing extensive training.
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Surveys/Questionnaires
- Cost-effective; useful for gathering broad perspectives from large groups.
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Interviews
- Can be structured or unstructured; requires more resources for planning and executing.
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Focus Groups
- Group discussions providing collective insights and social dynamics of the subjects involved.
Characteristics of Research
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New Knowledge Gathering
- Emphasizes discovery and careful sampling for insights about larger populations.
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Systematic and Accurate Investigation
- Necessitates careful planning and valid data-gathering methods.
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Logical and Objective Approach
- Focuses on data reliability while minimizing personal biases; testing rather than proving hypotheses.
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Thorough Documentation and Reporting
- All procedures and conclusions should be clearly defined and meticulously recorded.
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Effort and Courage
- Research requires significant investment in time, effort, and overcoming challenges.
Definition of Research
- Research involves systematic investigation to establish fact-based conclusions from empirical data analysis.
Purposes of Research
- Research serves a purposive function aimed at enhancing and preserving the quality of human life.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of the scientific method, including problem identification, hypothesis formation, and library research. It is based on the structured approach outlined in the first three chapters of research methodology. Test your understanding of these crucial elements of scientific inquiry.
