Scientific Method in Research
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a well-defined research problem?

  • To formulate an explanation of the research study
  • To conduct a literature review
  • To identify the research question or problem of study
  • To guide the researcher through all stages of the research process (correct)
  • What should the researcher include in the introduction section of the report?

  • The principal report's main sections
  • The conclusion's final result
  • A non-technical summary of findings and recommendations
  • The study's purpose and methods (correct)
  • What is the primary purpose of the summary of findings section?

  • To outline the main body of the report
  • To restate the researcher's findings at the end of the main text
  • To summarize the findings if they are lengthy (correct)
  • To provide a technical summary of the research methods
  • What should a researcher consider when selecting a research problem or topic?

    <p>Interest, magnitude, measurement, clarity, level of expertise, relevance, availability of data, and ethical issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the principal report be divided into?

    <p>Sections that are easy to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of conducting a literature review?

    <p>To expose the researcher to a more significant body of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final component of the report?

    <p>The conclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the scientific method?

    <p>Identification of the research question or problem of study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the table of contents?

    <p>To guide the reader through the report's structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the formulation of an explanation of the research study?

    <p>To give the problem a background and teach the investigator about previous research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of selecting a research problem without considering certain issues?

    <p>The research will be affected, and the amount of time taken to complete it will be longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using approaches such as preliminary and observational surveys, case studies, and interviews?

    <p>To gain insight into and better understand a topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consists of four main steps?

    <p>The scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of formulating a hypothesis?

    <p>To provide focus to a study and determine what data to collect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

    <p>It should be simple, specific, and conceptually clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a research design?

    <p>To minimize the resources required to acquire meaningful evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Phase I in the process of testing a hypothesis?

    <p>To formulate a hunch or assumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of a research design?

    <p>To provide decision-making insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a factor that changes or varies in size or quality?

    <p>Variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of data analysis in research?

    <p>To examine the acquired data using statistical methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of a well-formulated hypothesis?

    <p>A specific conclusion about what is true or false</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a hypothesis that makes it possible to test?

    <p>It is operationally definable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the research process?

    <p>Communicating findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Scientific Method

    • The scientific method is the approach used to gain knowledge in science, involving making observations, formulating laws and theories, and testing theories or hypotheses through experimentation.
    • It consists of four main steps: identifying a question or problem, formulating an explanation, carrying out research, and communicating the findings.

    Identifying a Question or Problem

    • The first step in the scientific method is to find an issue or formulate a research question.
    • A well-defined research problem guides the research process, from setting objectives to choosing a technique.
    • Considerations when selecting a research problem include interest, magnitude, measurement, clarity, level of expertise, relevance, availability of data, and ethical issues.

    Formulating an Explanation

    • Once a problem is identified, the researcher needs to find out more about it through a literature review.
    • This stage provides background information on the problem and helps the researcher build consistency with previous research.
    • A hypothesis is a testable explanation of the relationship between variables, and it should be simple, specific, and conceptually clear.

    Characteristics of a Hypothesis

    • A hypothesis should be unidimensional, testing only one relationship at a time.
    • It should be capable of verification, with methods and techniques available for data collection.
    • A hypothesis should be operationalizable, meaning it can be expressed in terms that can be measured.
    • It should be related to the existing body of knowledge and have equal chances of confirmation and rejection.

    Functions of a Hypothesis

    • A hypothesis provides focus to a study, telling the researcher what specific aspects of the problem to investigate.
    • It tells the researcher what data to collect and what not to collect.
    • A hypothesis enhances objectivity in a study.

    Testing a Hypothesis

    • The process of testing a hypothesis involves three phases: formulating an assumption, collecting required data, and analyzing data to draw conclusions.
    • A hypothesis may enable the formulation of a theory and allow for specific conclusions about what is true or false.

    Carrying Out Research

    • Research design is the plan for achieving objectives and answering research questions.
    • It outlines how to get relevant information and aims to minimize resources required to acquire meaningful evidence.
    • Research design can be categorized into four types: exploration and surveys, experiment, data analysis, and observation.

    Communicating the Findings

    • After completing the research, the researcher must prepare a report detailing the findings.
    • The report should be carefully composed in a specific format, including the layout, introduction, summary of findings, principal report, and conclusion.
    • The report should be written in a clear and concise manner, following APA or BPS ethical styles.

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    Description

    Learn about the scientific method, a systematic approach to gain knowledge in science, including identifying research questions, formulating laws and theories, and testing hypotheses through experimentation.

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