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Questions and Answers
What is the study of how social, political, and cultural values affects scientific research and technological innovation?
What is the study of how social, political, and cultural values affects scientific research and technological innovation?
Who is credited with the discovery of x-rays?
Who is credited with the discovery of x-rays?
What is the name of the device used to determine the location and longitude?
What is the name of the device used to determine the location and longitude?
What is the study of the origin and development of human societies and cultures?
What is the study of the origin and development of human societies and cultures?
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What is the study of change over time?
What is the study of change over time?
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What is the monograph that introduced the STS key themes?
What is the monograph that introduced the STS key themes?
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What is the scientific study of politics?
What is the scientific study of politics?
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What is the systematic organized knowledge?
What is the systematic organized knowledge?
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What is sociology?
What is sociology?
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What is technology?
What is technology?
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Who is credited for developing the first writing process?
Who is credited for developing the first writing process?
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What was the Sumerians' achievement in agriculture?
What was the Sumerians' achievement in agriculture?
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Who was a Greek mathematician and engineer?
Who was a Greek mathematician and engineer?
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What was the main purpose of the Astrolabe?
What was the main purpose of the Astrolabe?
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Who is credited for the construction of the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon?
Who is credited for the construction of the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon?
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What was the achievement of the ancient Egyptians in literature?
What was the achievement of the ancient Egyptians in literature?
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What did Pythagoras create?
What did Pythagoras create?
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What was the contribution of the Babylonians in law?
What was the contribution of the Babylonians in law?
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What was the purpose of the Crane in ancient Greece?
What was the purpose of the Crane in ancient Greece?
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What was the key to many technology inventions of ancient Greece?
What was the key to many technology inventions of ancient Greece?
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What is the time period of the Babylonian civilization?
What is the time period of the Babylonian civilization?
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What was Ctesibius of Alexandria known for?
What was Ctesibius of Alexandria known for?
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What was the contribution of Persian scientists to algebra and chemistry?
What was the contribution of Persian scientists to algebra and chemistry?
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What was the Baghdad Battery?
What was the Baghdad Battery?
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Study Notes
Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
- Study of how social, political, and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics, and culture.
History of STS
- 1925: Ludwig Fleck's monograph "Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact" introduced key STS themes.
- 1962: Thomas Kuhn's "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" attributed changes in scientific theories to changes in underlying intellectual paradigms.
Definition of Science and Technology
- Science: a systematic and organized knowledge drawn from various disciplines, including anthropology, history, political science, and sociology.
- Technology: applied science, a body of skills and knowledge that modifies systems, processes, and developments in the world.
Science and Technology During Ancient Times
Sumerian Civilization
- Mesopotamia, inhabited by Sumerians around 3500 BCE.
- Developed the first writing system, cuneiform.
- Irrigated fields by constructing dikes and canals.
- Invented the sailboat.
Babylonian Civilization
- Located in the border of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Iraq from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE.
- Notable rulers: Hammurabi (1792-1750 BCE) and Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562 BCE).
- Hammurabi promulgated his code of law.
- Nebuchadnezzar constructed the famous "Hanging Gardens of Babylon".
Egyptian Civilization
- Existed from 3150 BCE to according to conventional Egyptian chronology.
- Achievements: quarrying, surveying, and construction techniques; mathematics, medicine, irrigation systems, agricultural production techniques, faience, glass technology, literature, and the earliest known peace treaty.
Greek Civilization
- Made significant improvements in science and technology.
- Notable figures: Archimedes (mathematician and engineer) and Pythagoras (mathematician and creator of the Pythagorean Theorem and Pythagoreanism Religion).
Other Inventions
- Astrolabe: a device used to determine location and longitude.
- Cannon: created by Ctesibius of Alexandria and first used with compressed air.
- Crane: a device that helped Greece in construction by lifting heavy materials with less work.
- Levers: a simple but smart way of quickly lifting heavy weight using counterweight.
- Gears: key for many technology inventions, leveraging the power of levers.
- Water Pumps: helped carry water to elevated places, dealing with gravity.
Persian Civilization
- Contributed to the current understanding of nature, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy.
- Notable achievements: algebra, chemistry, wind-power machine, and first distillation of water.
- May have created the first batteries, known as the Baghdad Battery.
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Description
Review of key concepts in Science, Technology and Society, including historical figures, inventions, and scientific principles. Covers topics such as the Pythagorean Theorem, Astrolabe, X-ray discovery, and more.
