Science and Technology in Philippine Society MST2 Week 4

Questions and Answers

What type of tools did primitive Filipinos mainly use?

Simple stones and metal tools

By what year did Filipinos produce adzes and pottery?

Around 3000 B.C.

Pottery manufacture in the Philippines flourished for about 500 years.

False

What material did Filipinos learn to make tools from over time?

Copper, gold, bronze, and iron Signup and view all the answers

What activity were Filipinos engaged in by the 1st century A.D.?

Weaving cotton Signup and view all the answers

What trade relations existed before the arrival of the Spaniards?

Trade relations with Borneo, Malacca, and parts of the Malay Peninsula. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical events with their descriptions:

Spanish conquest = Colonization of the Philippines by Spain beginning in 1565 Reduccion = Creation of towns and foundation of local government University of Santo Tomas = The highest institution of learning during the Spanish regime Royal decree of 1863 = Reform of the existing educational system in the country Signup and view all the answers

Primary instruction during the Spanish regime was mainly __________ education.

religious Signup and view all the answers

There were schools offering engineering studies during the Spanish regime.

False Signup and view all the answers

What subjects were included in the four-year Nautical School course established in 1820?

Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, physics, hydrography, meteorology, navigation, and pilotage. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Science and Technology in the Philippines

Early Filipinos used primitive technology with simple stone and metal tools, evolving into ceramics, potteries, handicrafts, and various devices.
For approximately 40,000 years, simple stone tools were created, later developing techniques for sawing, drilling, and polishing hard stones.
By 3,000 B.C., Filipinos produced adzes, seashell ornaments, and diverse pottery designs, with pottery manufacturing thriving for over 2,000 years, facing competition from Chinese porcelain.
Early cultures transitioned to metalworking, utilizing copper, gold, bronze, and iron as tools began to evolve.

Developments by the 1st Century A.D.

Filipinos engaged in weaving cotton, iron smelting, pottery and glass decoration, and agriculture.
The development of boat construction for coastal trade emerged, becoming advanced by the 10th century A.D.
Trade networks included exchanges with kingdoms like Champa (Vietnam) and various regions in China.

Trade and Cultural Exchange

Trade routes extended to Mindanao and Sulu, connecting with Borneo, Malacca, and parts of the Malay Peninsula, predating Chinese interaction.
The Spaniards arrived when established trading relationships existed, notably alliances between Manila and Brunei through marriage.
Cultural influences from Hindu-Buddhist, Malay-Sanskrit, and Arab-Muslim traditions had already permeated Filipino society.

Spanish Colonization (Post-1565)

Spanish colonization utilized a religious strategy called reduccion, establishing towns and formalizing local governance systems.
Precolonial leadership structures incorporated into colonial governance included local leaders known as cabezas de barangay.

Education During Spanish Regime

Primary education was mostly provided by missionaries, focusing on religious subjects due to a lack of qualified teachers and resources.
Universidad de Santo Tomas served as the highest educational institution, establishing precedence for higher learning.

Medical and Engineering Studies

For the medical doctorate, students required one additional year of study at Universidad Central de Madrid, focusing on pharmacy with foundational courses in natural history and chemistry.
Engineering studies were nonexistent locally; students had to study in Europe. The Nautical School founded in 1820 offered a four-year pilot course including subjects like physics and navigation.

Educational Reforms

In 1863, a royal decree reformed the educational system, establishing elementary, secondary, and collegiate schools with government oversight.
The Spaniards introduced new construction technologies emphasizing town planning using stones, brick, and tiles, impacting urban development across the archipelago.

Description

Explore the history of science and technology in the Philippines with this quiz for MST2 Week 4. Learn about the archaeological findings that reveal the technological advancements of primitive Filipinos in comparison to their Asian neighbors. Understand the significance of tools used and the development of various crafts in early Philippine society.