Science Quiz: Plants, Human Body, and Physics

Photosynthesis: process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds
Leaves: organs of photosynthesis, consisting of chloroplasts containing pigments such as chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy
Roots: underground structures that absorb water and minerals from the soil
Transportation of water and minerals: through xylem vessels, which use transpiration and root pressure to move water and minerals upward from roots to leaves

Nutrients: substances necessary for energy, growth, and maintenance of living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Balanced diet: combination of nutrients in the right proportions for optimal health
Digestion and absorption: breakdown of nutrients into molecules that can be absorbed by the body, which occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine
Human digestive system: consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, which work together to ingest, digest, and absorb nutrients
Teeth: hard, calcified structures in the mouth that grind and crush food into smaller pieces
Enzymes: biological molecules that speed up chemical reactions, such as digestion, by breaking down complex nutrients into simpler molecules

Human circulatory system: network of organs and vessels that transport blood throughout the body
Heart: muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs
Blood: liquid tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body
Blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood throughout the body

Particle theory: matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms or molecules that are in constant motion
Diffusion: process by which particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in uniform distribution
Brownian motion: random movement of particles suspended in a fluid, caused by collisions with surrounding fluid molecules
Gas pressure: force exerted by gas molecules colliding with surfaces, which increases with temperature and concentration

Atoms: smallest units of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Elements: substances composed of only one type of atom, represented by symbols such as H for hydrogen and C for carbon
Periodic table: organized table of elements, arranged by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties
Compounds: substances composed of two or more different elements, represented by formulas such as H2O for water

Speed: distance traveled per unit time, measured in meters per second (m/s)
Measuring speed: using instruments such as stopwatches, odometers, and speedometers to calculate speed
Light gates: electronic timers that measure time intervals as an object passes through them
Speed calculations: using formulas such as speed = distance / time to calculate speed
Patterns of motion: repeated and predictable movements, such as rolling, sliding, and oscillating
Distance-time graphs: visual representations of distance traveled over time, used to analyze motion

Changing sounds: alterations in pitch, loudness, and timbre, which are subjective qualities of sound
Vibrations: back-and-forth motions that create sound waves, which travel through a medium such as air
How sound travels: through a medium, such as air, water, or solid objects, as compressions and rarefactions
Oscilloscope: electronic instrument that visualizes sound waves as electrical signals
Sounds on a screen: visual representations of sound waves, which can be analyzed for frequency and amplitude
How we hear: sound waves are received by the ear, which converts them into electrical signals that are interpreted by the brain