Science Quiz: Lab Safety, Methods, and Earth's Layers

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Questions and Answers

Match the scientific equipment with what they measure:

Triple beam balance = Mass Graduated cylinder = Volume Thermometer = Temperature Ruler = Length

Match the layers of the Earth with their characteristics:

Inner core = Solid and hottest Outer core = Iron and Nickel Mantle = Thickest layer with multiple parts Crust = Thinnest layer composed of solid rock

Match the spheres of the Earth with their definitions:

Geosphere = Land Hydrosphere = Water Atmosphere = Air Biosphere = Living things

Match the forms of heat transfer with their definitions and examples:

Convection = Heat circulating, e.g. hot air balloon Conduction = Heat moves through an object, e.g. frying veggies Radiation = Transfer of heat between objects, e.g. grilling Insulation = Prevention of heat transfer, e.g. using blankets Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of the scientific method with their descriptions:

Problem or question = Identify what you want to learn Research = Gather information from resources Hypothesis = An educated guess Conclusion = Summarize the findings Signup and view all the answers

Match the results of convection currents in the Earth's mantle:

Hotter temperature = Rises Lower temperature = Sinks Dense material = Sinks Less dense material = Rises Signup and view all the answers

Match the safety rules with their corresponding practices:

Wear goggles = At all times Wear closed-toed shoes = In the lab No food = In the laboratory Always wash hands = After using chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Match the methods geologists use to learn about Earth's interior with their descriptions:

Studying seismic waves = Analyzing earthquake data Drilling deep holes = Collecting rock samples Evaluating volcanic activity = Understanding magma movement Using computer models = Simulating Earth's processes Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of plate boundaries with their description:

Divergent = Plates move apart, creating new crust Convergent = Plates come together causing mountains Transform = Plates slide past each other causing earthquakes Subduction = One plate slides under another, leading to volcanic activity Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of seismic waves with their characteristics:

P-waves = Fastest waves that travel through solid and liquid S-waves = Second fastest, moving through solid only Surface waves = Travel on Earth's crust causing destruction Body waves = Include P-waves and S-waves Signup and view all the answers

Match the scales used to measure earthquakes with their characteristics:

Richter Scale = Measures magnitude on a logarithmic scale Mercalli Scale = Measures intensity based on observations Seismogram = Recording of seismic wave activity Epicenter = Point on the Earth's surface above the focus Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of volcanoes with their description:

Shield Volcano = Gentle slopes, formed by low-viscosity lava Stratovolcano = Steep slopes, composed of alternating layers of lava and ash Cinder Cone = Smallest type, built from ejected volcanic ash and tephra Lava Dome = Formed from slow-moving lava that piles up near the vent Signup and view all the answers

Match the parts of a volcano with their functions:

Magma Chamber = Reservoir for magma beneath the surface Vent = Opening through which volcanic materials escape Crater = Depression at the summit of a volcano Lava Flow = Stream of molten rock pouring from a volcano Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological phenomena with their causes:

Earthquake = Release of energy due to rock slipping Volcano = Magma rising to the surface Tsunami = Displacement of water due to underwater earthquakes Landslide = Gravity pulling unstable rock and soil down a slope Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of faults with their descriptions:

Normal Fault = Occurs when rocks are pulled apart, stretching the crust Reverse Fault = Occurs when rocks are pushed together, compressing the crust Strike-slip Fault = Occurs when rocks slide past each other horizontally Thrust Fault = A type of reverse fault with a gentle slope Signup and view all the answers

Match each term to its meaning:

Focus = Point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates Epicenter = Point on the surface directly above the focus Seismograph = Instrument that records seismic waves Seismogram = Output of seismic activity recorded by a seismograph Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the three safety rules to follow in the lab?

Wear goggles at all times (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary scientific equipment used to measure volume?

Graduated cylinder (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Earth is described as the thickest?

Mantle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers convection currents in the Earth's mantle?

Temperature differences between the core and mantle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when heat is transferred through an object?

Conduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are two results of convection currents in the mantle?

Hotter material rises, colder material sinks (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the biosphere?

The part of the Earth populated by living organisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do geologists study to learn about Earth's interior?

Seismic waves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at a divergent plate boundary?

New crust is created. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of S-waves?

They only travel through solid rock. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is the Richter scale structured in measuring earthquakes?

Each decimal level is 10 times higher than the previous. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens at a convergent plate boundary?

Volcanoes form when one plate slides under another. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which seismic wave is typically the last to be recorded on a seismogram?

Surface waves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do transform boundaries have?

They cause earthquakes when pressure builds. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the Mercalli scale differ from the Richter scale?

It uses Roman numerals to indicate intensity based on observations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a seismograph?

To record seismic waves during an earthquake. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plate Tectonics

The process where Earth's crust moves due to convection currents in the mantle.

Mantle

This layer of the Earth is the thickest and is made of molten rock.

Continental Drift

A scientific idea that explains how continents have moved over time.

Convection

The process where heat is transferred through a substance by the movement of fluids like liquids or gases.