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Questions and Answers
What type of waste should be disposed of in designated biohazard bins?
What type of waste should be disposed of in designated biohazard bins?
You should always wear gloves, goggles, and lab coats in the lab.
You should always wear gloves, goggles, and lab coats in the lab.
True
What does MSDS stand for?
What does MSDS stand for?
Material Safety Data Sheet
The variable you manipulate is called the ______.
The variable you manipulate is called the ______.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the first step of the scientific method?
What is the first step of the scientific method?
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What is the purpose of using colchicine in karyotyping?
What is the purpose of using colchicine in karyotyping?
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Down Syndrome is characterized by a trisomy of chromosome 21.
Down Syndrome is characterized by a trisomy of chromosome 21.
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The complete set of genetic material in a human is approximately ______ base pairs.
The complete set of genetic material in a human is approximately ______ base pairs.
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What is an enzyme?
What is an enzyme?
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Describe the purpose of a control plate in an experiment.
Describe the purpose of a control plate in an experiment.
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Segments of DNA that encode for proteins are called ______.
Segments of DNA that encode for proteins are called ______.
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Study Notes
Lab Safety
- Dispose of biological waste in biohazard bins, sharps in sharps containers, and chemical waste according to specific guidelines.
- Always wear appropriate PPE (gloves, goggles, lab coat) to protect against spills and exposure to harmful substances.
- MSDS provides information on material hazards, safe handling, first aid, and disposal.
- Discard items according to their classification (biohazard, chemical, general waste). Follow lab instructions and regulations.
Scientific Method
- Steps: Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Discussion, Conclusion (accept or refuse hypothesis).
- Variables: Independent (manipulated), Dependent (measured), Controlled (constant).
- Experimental group: Exposed to the independent variable.
- Control group: Not exposed to the independent variable; used for comparison.
- Placebo: A substance with no therapeutic effect, used as a control.
Karyotyping
- Process: Collect cells, induce cell division, arrest in metaphase, stain chromosomes, photograph and arrange.
- Chromosome identification uses size, banding patterns, centromere position, and shape.
- Down syndrome: Trisomy 21.
- Klinefelter syndrome: XXY genotype.
- Cri-du-chat syndrome: Deletion on chromosome 5.
- Turner syndrome: X0 genotype.
- Huntington's disease: Normal karyotype, HTT gene mutation.
- Chronic myeloid leukemia: Philadelphia chromosome (translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22).
- Chromosomal terms: Homologous chromosomes (pairs, one from each parent), autosomes (non-sex chromosomes), sister chromatids (identical halves of a duplicated chromosome), haploid (one set of chromosomes), diploid (two sets of chromosomes).
DNA & Genes
- DNA extraction steps: Cell lysis (breaking cell membranes), protein removal (using protease enzymes), precipitation (adding alcohol).
- Human genome: Approximately 3 billion base pairs, 20,000-25,000 genes.
- Aseptic technique prevents contamination by pathogens.
- Milk agar experiment tests bacterial casein breakdown; observes zones of clearance.
- Enzymes: Proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy. Experimental plates contain the variable being tested, while control plates lack it for comparison.
- Genes: Segments of DNA that encode for proteins.
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Description
Test your knowledge of lab safety protocols, the scientific method stages, and karyotyping procedures. This quiz covers essential practices to ensure safety in the laboratory and the structured approach to scientific experimentation. Perfect for budding scientists looking to solidify their understanding of essential concepts.
