Science Lesson 4 - What Are Volcanoes?
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Questions and Answers

What is the driving question for this lesson?

What are volcanoes?

What is the name of the school?

AL SALAM COMMUNITY SCHOOL

What is the name of the chapter?

Our restless planet

What is the name of the social media platform that this lesson is associated with?

<p>@ASCSduba</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of Lesson 4?

<p>What Are Volcanoes?</p> Signup and view all the answers

The previous lesson involved an assessment. What lessons were included in the assessment?

<p>Lessons 1, 2, 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are aspects of a volcano's structure? (Select all that apply)

<p>Magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

A volcano is a surface geological landform that results from the extrusion of magma from underground into the Earth's crust.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a magma chamber?

<p>The area beneath the Earth's surface where magma is stored before an eruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a vent?

<p>An opening in the Earth's crust through which magma erupts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of volcanoes with their characteristics:

<p>Composite volcanoes = Steep slopes and thick, sticky lava that rarely flows far Shield volcanoes = Long, gentle slopes formed by fluid lava that travels long distances Cinder cone volcanoes = Conical shape formed by accumulation of cinders ejected during eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three stages of volcanoes? (Select all that apply)

<p>Extinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines an active volcano?

<p>It has erupted recently and has the possibility of erupting again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines a dormant volcano?

<p>It has not erupted for a long time but may still erupt in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the theory that explains the movement of tectonic plates?

<p>Plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Friction caused by the movement of tectonic plates is a primary cause of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Mount St. Helens located?

<p>The Cascade Range in western Washington state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "Ring of Fire" designates an area rich in volcanic activity. Where is this zone located?

<p>The Pacific Ocean, shaped like a horseshoe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the TEA method?

<p>A strategy for analyzing and describing the distribution of volcanoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of volcanoes occur on or near tectonic plate boundaries.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main ways in which volcanoes can form?

<p>Hotspots</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens at a constructive boundary?

<p>Plates move away from each other, creating a gap that magma rises up to fill, forming new crust and underwater volcanoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens at a hotspot?

<p>Magma rises through cracks in the Earth's crust, erupting to form volcanoes, often creating chains of volcanic islands as plates move over stationary hotspots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are features of a volcano? (Select all that apply)

<p>Lava flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the volcanic hazards mentioned in the lesson? (Select all that apply)

<p>Volcanic bombs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a jokulhlaup?

<p>A glacial outburst flood that occurs when a volcano erupts underneath a glacier, causing rapid melting and a sudden surge of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pyroclastic flows?

<p>Fast-moving streams of hot gas and volcanic debris that travel downslope at high speeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What volcanic hazard can cause heavy breathing problems and even damage buildings through its weight?

<p>Ash fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mount Vesuvius is an extinct volcano that erupted in 79 B.C.E near Pompeii.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What volcanic hazard is commonly associated with causing a blackout?

<p>Ash fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

The eruption of Mount Etna is responsible for its fame, as it is the largest volcanic eruption in the continental U.S.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mount St. Helens is considered extinct, as it is dormant and unlikely to erupt again.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formation of volcanoes specifically at hotspots, constructive boundaries, and destructive boundaries is the primary topic of the lesson.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Volcanic eruptions can lead to the creation of new ______ as magma escapes from the Earth's interior.

<p>landforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do scientists study volcanoes?

<p>To understand the processes that drive the Earth's internal dynamics and to predict future eruptions for safety purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four keywords emphasized in the lesson?

<p>Constructive, Destructive, Hotspot, Lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lesson 4 - What Are Volcanoes?

  • Lesson objective: Define a volcano and identify key features. Describe 3 stages of volcanoes (active, dormant, extinct). Describe volcano structure and types (composite, shield, cinder cone). Explain volcano distribution and formation (constructive, destructive, hotspots). Draw volcano structure, and suggest why volcanoes are dangerous.
  • Key Vocabulary: Constructive, Destructive, Hotspot, Lava, Magma, Vent, Crater, Magma Chamber.
  • Volcano Definition: A volcano is a surface geological landform resulting from the extrusion of magma from underground into Earth's crust, and the eruption of that magma onto the Earth's surface through a vent.
  • Volcano Features: Crater, secondary cone, secondary vent, layers of lava and ash, main vent, ash, steam, gas, volcanic bombs, lava flow, magma chamber.
  • Volcanic Hazards: Lava flows, lahars or mud flows, jokulhlaups, volcanic bombs, ash clouds/ash fall, volcanic gases, pyroclastic flows.
  • Volcanic Eruptions: Example of Mount Vesuvius eruption in 79 BCE and its impact on the city of Pompeii.
  • Volcano Locations: Volcanoes are generally found near tectonic plate boundaries, with about 90% of Earth's earthquakes and 75% of volcanoes located along the "Ring of Fire" in the Pacific Ocean. Some also occur away from plate boundaries.
  • Types of Volcanoes: Composite volcanoes have steep slopes and thick, sticky lava. Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and fluid lava. Cinder cone volcanoes are made up of layers of cinders and have a bowl-shaped crater at the top.
  • Volcano Formation: Volcanoes are formed by constructive plate boundaries, destructive plate boundaries, and hotspots. At constructive boundaries, plates move apart, allowing magma to rise and create new crust on the ocean floor. At destructive boundaries, denser oceanic crust is subducted beneath less dense continental crust, causing melting and magma formation. Hotspots are areas where magma rises through cracks in Earth's crust, unrelated to plate boundaries.
  • Volcano Stages: Active volcanoes have erupted recently and might erupt again. Dormant volcanoes haven't erupted for a while but could erupt in the future. Extinct volcanoes haven't erupted for thousands of years and are not expected to erupt again.
  • Driving Question: What are volcanoes?

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Explore the fascinating world of volcanoes in this quiz. Learn about their definition, structure, types, and key features. Understand the stages of volcanic activity and identify the hazards associated with eruptions.

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