Volcanoes and Their Parts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary lava type associated with composite volcanoes?

  • Perlite lava
  • Basaltic lava
  • Andesitic lava
  • Rhyolitic lava (correct)

Shield volcanoes typically have explosive eruptions.

False (B)

Name one example of a composite volcano.

Fujiyama, Mt. Mayon, or Kanlaon

The shape of a shield volcano is described as _____ shaped.

<p>domical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following volcano types with their characteristics:

<p>Composite volcano = Cone-shaped with highly viscous lava Shield volcano = Domical shape with low-viscous lava Lava dome = Circular mound with highly viscous lava Volcanic eruptions = Explosive in nature for composite volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about lava domes?

<p>They form when lava is too viscous to flow away. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The viscosity of basaltic lava is higher than that of rhyolitic lava.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is magma primarily composed of?

<p>Molten lithospheric rocks and gases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lava flows faster on gentle slopes than on steep slopes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for a mound of lava growing inside a crater?

<p>cryptodome</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is a flow of volcanic debris that can be classified as primary or secondary.

<p>lahar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of volcanic gases to their chemical formulas:

<p>Water Vapor = Hâ‚‚O Sulfur Dioxide = SOâ‚‚ Carbon Dioxide = COâ‚‚ Hydrogen Chloride = HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of magma has the highest gas content?

<p>Rhyolitic magma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Basaltic magma has a higher viscosity than rhyolitic magma.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for increasing the flow ability of magma?

<p>Gas dissolved in magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

The temperature range of andesitic magma is between ____ and ____ degrees Celsius.

<p>800, 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the magma types with their corresponding silica content:

<p>Basaltic Magma = 45-55% Andesitic Magma = 55-65% Rhyolitic Magma = 65-75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor allows magma to have varying explosion potential?

<p>The viscosity of the magma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All magma types have the same gas content.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which magma type is considered the least explosive?

<p>Basaltic magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major gas found dissolved in magma is ____.

<p>water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is least associated with basaltic magma?

<p>High silica content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by continuous ejection of magma and gas?

<p>Strombolian Eruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hawaiian eruptions are the most violent type of explosive eruptions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the property of a liquid that describes its resistance to flow?

<p>Viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ of magma decreases with temperature.

<p>viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of volcanic eruption with its characteristic:

<p>Hawaiian Eruption = Least violent eruptions with lava flows Strombolian Eruption = Violent eruptions with lava fragments Vulcanian Eruption = Moderate eruptions with ash clouds Plinian Eruption = Most violent eruptions with large ash columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which volcano is an example of a submarine volcano?

<p>Surtsey Volcano (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High silica content magmas are more fluid than low silica content magmas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the eruption type characterized by the formation of volcanic bombs and cinder cones.

<p>Strombolian Eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plinian eruptions can produce eruption columns that reach heights of ___________ to ___________ km.

<p>20, 35</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect the nature of a volcanic eruption?

<p>Temperature of magma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following volcanoes has had recorded volcanic activity in the last 600 years?

<p>Mt.Mayon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mt.Apo is classified as an active volcano.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one volcano considered to be inactive.

<p>Sampaloc Lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ eruption is driven by the heat from surrounding rocks and produces ash, but does not include new magma.

<p>phreatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following volcanoes with their classification:

<p>Mt.Mayon = Active Mt.Pinatubo = Active Mt.Apo = Potentially Active Sampaloc Lake = Inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the explosive character of magmas?

<p>Gas volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phreatomagmatic eruptions occur when new magma interacts with water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component responsible for phreatic eruptions?

<p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Volcanoes that have not erupted for a long time but may do so in the future are classified as __________.

<p>potentially active</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of magma?

<p>It consists of liquid rock and gas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Composite Volcano

A tall, cone-shaped volcano formed by layers of lava and ash, with explosive eruptions and a central vent or multiple vents.

Rhyolitic Lava

A type of lava found in composite volcanoes, with high silica content and low iron and magnesium, making it thick and slow-flowing.

Shield Volcano

A huge, gently sloping volcano with a central vent, formed by repeated eruptions of fluid, basaltic lava flows.

Basaltic Lava

A type of lava found in shield volcanoes, low in silica and high in iron and magnesium, making it very fluid and easily spread.

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Lava Dome

A small, dome-shaped volcanic feature formed by the accumulation of very viscous lava that doesn't flow far.

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Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid to flow, with high viscosity meaning thick and slow-flowing, and low viscosity meaning thin and fluid.

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Active Volcanoes

Volcanoes that have erupted recently or are likely to erupt in the near future.

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Dormant Volcanoes

Volcanoes that haven't erupted for a very long time but could erupt in the future. They are relatively young in appearance and often show seismic activity.

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Extinct Volcanoes

Volcanoes that are unlikely to erupt again. They have no recorded history of eruptions and are severely eroded.

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Magma

A mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gases found beneath the Earth's surface. It is the main source of volcanic eruptions.

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Phreatic Eruption

The eruption of water vapor, ash, and rocks driven by the heat from magma or lava.

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Phreatomagmatic Eruption

An eruption caused by the interaction of magma or lava with water. It can be highly explosive due to the rapid expansion of steam.

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Volcanic Eruption

The expulsion of gases, rock fragments, and/or molten rock from within the Earth through a vent (volcano) onto the Earth's surface or into the atmosphere.

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Gas in Magma

The primary cause of explosive volcanic eruptions. It expands rapidly as pressure decreases, driving eruptions.

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Volcano

A volcanic vent or opening on the Earth's surface where magma, ash, and gases are expelled during an eruption.

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Magma Chamber

An underground reservoir where magma accumulates before potentially erupting.

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Volcanic Blast

Explosive bursts of hot gases and rock fragments released from a volcano.

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Dome Growth

A mound of lava that grows inside the volcano's crater, possibly collapsing and releasing molten material.

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Lahar

A fast-moving mixture of water, volcanic debris, and rocks, often triggered by volcanic eruptions or heavy rain.

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Magma Temperature and Viscosity

The hotter the magma, the thinner and more easily it flows.

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Magma Composition and Viscosity

Magma rich in silica is thicker and flows slower than magma with less silica.

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Dissolved Gases and Viscosity

The amount of dissolved gas in magma affects its ability to flow.

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Strombolian Eruption

A type of volcanic eruption characterized by continuous ejection of magma and gas, creating lava fragments and cinder cones.

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Plinian Eruption

A type of volcanic eruption known for its violent explosions, large ash columns, and fast-moving pyroclastic flows. It's the most powerful type of eruption.

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Hawaiian Eruption

A type of eruption producing fire fountains and lava flows, characterized by its relatively low intensity.

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Vulcanian Eruption

A type of eruption with moderate explosions, producing a dense ash cloud and viscous magma flows.

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Submarine Eruption

A type of volcanic eruption that occurs underwater, with the potential to form new islands.

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Volcanic Water Source

The water source for a volcano can vary, including groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, lakes, and the sea.

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What is viscosity?

The resistance of a fluid to flow. High viscosity means thick and slow-flowing, while low viscosity means thin and fluid.

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What is rhyolitic magma?

A type of magma with a high silica content and low iron and magnesium, resulting in thick and slow-flowing lava.

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What is basaltic magma?

A type of magma with a low silica content and high iron and magnesium, resulting in fluid and easily spread lava.

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How does gas affect magma?

The amount of gas dissolved in magma significantly affects its ability to flow. More gas makes it more fluid.

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How does gas content relate to eruption type?

Magma with a high gas content is more likely to have an explosive eruption, while magma with low gas content is more likely to have a less explosive eruption.

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How does gas content vary across magma types?

Basaltic magma typically has the lowest gas content, while rhyolitic magma typically has the highest gas content.

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How does silica content affect magma viscosity?

Magma with a higher silica content tends to have a higher viscosity, making it thicker and slower-flowing.

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How does temperature impact magma viscosity?

The temperature of magma affects its viscosity. Hotter magma is less viscous, while cooler magma is more viscous.

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What is the temperature range of rhyolitic magma?

Rhyolitic magma has the highest temperature of the three magma types we've learned about (basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic).

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What is the temperature range of basaltic magma?

Basaltic magma has the lowest temperature of the three magma types we've learned about (basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic).

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Study Notes

Volcanoes

  • Volcanoes are vents in Earth's surface where molten rock and gases erupt from the interior.
  • They are different from other mountains, formed by their own eruptive products (lava, volcanic bombs, ash).
  • A volcano's shape is typically conical, built around a vent that connects with reservoirs of molten rock.

Parts of Volcanoes

  • External Parts
    • Base: The lowest part supporting the volcano.
    • Slope: The slant or inclination of the volcano.
    • Summit: The peak or highest point.
  • Internal and External Parts
    • Lava/rocks: Molten rock ejected from a volcano
    • Ash cloud: A cloud of ash formed by volcanic explosions.
    • Crater: The mouth of a volcano surrounding the vent.
    • Caldera: A volcanic crater formed when part of a crater collapses.
    • Conduit: The passage in the volcano through which magma travels up.

Types of Volcanoes

  • Cinder Cone Volcano: The simplest type, characterized by a distinctive cone shape formed from ejected lava fragments (cinders).
    • Relatively small, with a relatively steep slope.
    • Typically made of basaltic lava, rich in silica.
    • For example: Paricutín in Mexico, Taal in the Philippines
  • Composite Volcano (Stratovolcano): Large, tall cones with alternating layers of hardened lava, ash, and other volcanic debris.
    • Often associated with explosive eruptions.
    • An example is Mt. Fuji in Japan.
  • Shield Volcano: Massive, gently sloping volcanoes formed primarily by fluid, basaltic lava flows.
    • Gentle slopes; low viscosity lava flows, which spread out over large areas.
    • Examples: Mauna Loa and Kilauea in Hawaii
  • Lava Dome: Relatively small, dome-shaped volcanoes built from very viscous lava.
    • These tend to form near composite volcanoes.

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Description

This quiz explores the fascinating world of volcanoes, including their structure and various types. Understand the differences between external and internal components like craters, conduits, and ash clouds. Test your knowledge on how volcanoes erupt and their unique shapes.

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